Islam vs. Christianity Essay

Christianity and Islam have numerous similitudes and can without much of a stretch be contrasted with each other. Both follow their underlying foundations to Abraham. Both trust in prescience, God’s ambassadors (witnesses), disclosure, sacred text, the restoration of dead, and the centrality of strict network. This last component is particularly significant. Both Christianity and Islam have a communitarian measurement: what the congregation is to Christianity the â€Å"umma† is to Islam. Regardless of these huge similitudes, in any case, these two world religions have various critical contrasts too. I will talk about 3 points and broadly expound on their ethical lessons, jobs and (obligations) and social equity issues, I will likewise be examining their likenesses and contrasts. The prophet Muhammad stated: â€Å"I have been sent to consummate the morals†. The Quran is the basis (furqan). Anything that repudiates the Quran isn't from Islam. At the point when it c omes something like separation in the Islam religion the book of scriptures says {2:231} And when you separate from ladies and they arrive at their recommended time, at that point either hold them in great association or set them free with charity, and don't hold them for injury, so you surpass the cutoff points, and whoever does this, he to be sure is uncalled for to his own soul;†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ this implies God empowers the couple to select authorities as the initial step to help in compromise during the time spent separation. On the off chance that the compromise step comes up short, the two people are ensured their entitlement to separate as set up in the Qur’an, yet the inquiry lies in what is the system for each. At the point when the man starts a separation, it is known as talaq. Anyway it is distinctive in the Christianity religion; it says that the consummation of the lawful joining between two wedded individuals is called separate. All through most ages and social or ders types of separation have existed. Separation is an unnatural demonstration. It states in Matthew 19:8-9 ~ 8 Jesus answered, â€Å"Moses allowed you to separate from your spouses on the grounds that your hearts were hard. In any case, it was not along these lines from the earliest starting point.  I disclose to you that any individual who separates from his better half, aside from extramarital perversion, and weds another lady submits adultery.† Also Christians have confidence in the idea of â€Å"Original Sin† which implies that people are conceived as miscreants, bearing the weight of the â€Å"Original Sin† of Adam and Eve. Muslims don't have faith in the † Original Sin† for 2 fundamental reasons; In the Quran, God excused Adam for what he has done, and as per the Quran, noâ one ought to be made to tolerate the weight of somebody else’s sin or mix-up on the grounds that it is uncalled for. A likeness that the Islam religion and Christianity religion have is People ought to follow the Ten Commandments and the ethical lessons of the prophets. Islam, being religion of nature, comprehends that individuals are brought into the world with changing endowments. As they vary in their bodies and their highlights so they contrast in their psy chological and different capacities. Islam guarantees just and evenhanded dispersion of riches among the individuals and, then again, gives standardized savings to poor people and the penniless as essential necessities of life. Other than that, Islam likewise shields the frail from the financial misuse by the solid. All there are different angles and signs of what is called Islamic social equity. In Christianity, what at that point, is social equity in Biblical terms? â€Å"Justice† and â€Å"righteousness† are a piece of a lifestyle, which God expects of us as His kin (see for example Micah 6:8; Ps. 11:7; 1John 3:7). This stems from the sort of character, which we have, and is thus the impression of what God Himself is and how He acts (1John 3:7). Social equity is basically the manifestation of along these lines of life in our associations with others. It's anything but an alternative that we may acknowledge or maintain a strategic distance from at our decision; it is an essential piece of our functional Christian living. Harmony is key to these 2 beliefs. This is reflected verifiably in their utilization of comparable welcome significance â€Å"peace be upon you†: pax vobiscum in Christianity, and salaam alaikum in Islam. Frequently, notwithstanding, the welcome of harmony has been implied fundamentally for individuals from one’s own confidence network. Every religion has its own jobs and obligations, the Islam religion have there duties regarding spouses and privileges of the wife; there are four fundamental moves for wife’s in marriage, the first is Obeys husband on issues not against Islam, the second is Ensures the marital privileges of the husbands; this implies as for closeness, a wife may not deny herself to her significant other. As this is one reason why Islam authorizes marriage, in light of the fact that in Islam sexual closeness is just material carefully to a couple. The third is Protects husband’s respect and property this incorporates to not get anybody in his home whom he doesn't care for. On the off chance that, she’s endowed with any assets, she should release her obligation shrewdly and frugally. The fourth is to deal with the family unit and childhood of children’s government assistance. The husband’s jobs and obligation is to provideâ mahr (settlement), Serves as defender and the watchman of the spouse, and Treats wife with thoughtfulness and reasonableness, which intends to never toss foulness at the wife. In Christianity other than of the keeps an eye on job of accommodating the family and the women’s job says the capacity to appropriately deal with the family it says God made for a couple to partake in similar objectives however have various jobs. Together they praise each other and work together in amicability. A closeness is that Christianity and Islam accept that individuals ought to follow the Ten Commandments and the ethical lessons of the prophets. While talking about contrasts among Christian and Islam venerate, we ought to likewise take note of that Muslims are mindful to the inside parts of love as well as to the outside viewpoints too. In this Muslims share significantly more for all intents and purpose with Eastern Christianity than with Western Christianity, particularly Protestantism. Like Eastern Christians, Muslims utilize their entire body in supplication. The two gatherings, for example, make surrenders before God in their love. This exploration venture has helped/shape and fortifies my own perspectives on another confidence and my own confidence, which is Christianity, I have earned a great deal about Islam and I never realized that it could have a few similitudes to the Christian confidence. With regards to the administrators, qualities and customs of Christianity that I will give to my youngsters and ideally they can give it to all theirs the Christian confidence continuing for additional ages.

2 Body Paragraphs- Journey of the Magi

Excursion of the Magi-T. S Eliot Two body sections utilizing PEEAL, including 2/3 genuine models This sonnet, Journey of the magi by T. S Eliot investigates the possibility that an excursion can include snags and difficulties. The magi are confronted with challenges, hardships and inconveniences, for example, the threatening vibe from the characteristic world and people and lack of sleep. In the principal verse the line â€Å"The ways profound and the climate sharp† a transformed linguistic structure is utilized to put accentuation on the sufferings and troubles of the journey.Along with this line in the primary refrain a rundown of objections are composed, â€Å" Then the camel men reviling and protesting/and fleeing, and needing their alcohol and ladies,/and the night-fires going out, and the absence of their asylums, and the urban areas threatening and the towns antagonistic/and the towns messy, and charging significant expenses. :† the utilization of posting in this refrain passes on to the peruser the afflictions looked by the creatures, men and the magi. Posting makes an aggregate impact, making the effect and feel of the intricacies increment as the rundown goes on.An presumption about excursions that can be produced using this sonnet is additionally that physical excursions lead to self-awareness or adjusted points of view. The magi once they have seen the introduction of Jesus can't see anything in a similar light any longer. The line in the last refrain â€Å"I ought to be happy of another death† proposes the persona nearly anticipates his inevitable passing since he comprehends that there is eternal life. It could likewise imply that the persona longs for another reestablishment or another snapshot of new understanding. In the last verse the line â€Å"but set down/This set down.This:† is an enjambment that places accentuation on the new understanding that the magi have accomplished. It is additionally a monosyllabic line, which captures the pace of the sonnet and powers the peruser to stop and focus on the message of the persona. An incredible model demonstrating the difference in context by the magi would be toward the finish of verse 3, the word decision of â€Å"these kingdoms† and â€Å"alien† adds to the magi’s sentiments of partition from the old world request and â€Å"palaces† in refrain 1 contrasted with the selection of words in refrain 3 â€Å"places† delineates the possibility of another observation and point of view.

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Various Sclerosis (1) 33% of a million Americans experience the ill effects of MS and an incredible level of those individuals are ladies. Ladies represent 73% of MS victims. (2) MS for the most part strikes youthful grown-ups between the ages of 20 and 40 years of age. (8) There are even a few instances of MS being analyzed in youth. Various sclerosis is an infection that influences the focal sensory system, assaulting the mind and the spinal line. MS assaults myelin, the greasy material that goes about as a defensive covering to the body's nerves. (1) The irritation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can influence any piece of the sensory system and differs from individual to individual. (7) Normal nerve work diminishes with the beginning of MS since MS makes scars structure on the covering of the nerve. Various Sclerosis procures this term since it truly implies scars. (1,7) The covering of the nerve with myelin is significant so the nerve can transmit flags quickly and productively. Demylelination empowers the nerve to convey driving forces appropriately by either blocking or easing back transmission and this is the reason the different manifestations of MS happen. (1) Side effects related with Multiple sclerosis comprise in a wide range. MS could cause a deadness of the appendages, loss of vision, or even loss of motion. (2) There is no particular arrangement of side effects that a patient may encounter since MS may have influenced various pieces of the sensory system. A few patients may encounter lost parity, precarious strolling, awkwardness, obscured vision, spasticity (a spring-like protection from moving or being moved), irregular discourse, memory misfortune, barrenness, and bladder issues are to give some examples. (1) In any one patient the side effects may change with each assault. (7) The manifestations can last up to days or... ...ave MS are experiencing an illness from which there is no fix and can just have their indications lightened for some time. Prior obligatory testing ought to be at the cutting edge for the youthful grown-ups that MS targets. > WWW Sources 1)What is MS?, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 2)What is Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ILD/home/ 3)Multiple Sclerosis: Overview, http://medstat.med.utah.edu/ 4)References on Multiple Sclerosis and Marijuana , http://www.druglibrary.org/ 5)Multiple Sclerosis, Mulitiple Sclerosis Symptom, Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/www.pychealth.com 6)My Life and Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ 7)Multiple Sclerosis, http://health.yahoo.com/ 8)Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html

Marketing Mix an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Promoting Mix A Proposed Marketing Mix for Innocent Company Honest is an assembling organization that major in the creation of cooking oil items internationally in which its crucial to gracefully and offer its items to its purchasers. The companys advertise has been acknowledged to have dropped over the most recent one year, and as an organization, we have choose to attempt a dynamic procedure that is intended to characterize the genuine strategies to be used in accomplishing our objectives. Need paper test on Advertising Mix subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue This procedure is known as the advertising blend that conveys four components which incorporate; item this is the place the companys point will be to characterize the qualities of its items that will empower the merchandise to meet the purchasers needs; value this is the choice on how the organization should value its items; advancement this is a procedure through which we should make our items known to our clients and ultimately the spot component which is the system through which the products of our organization will be moved from the organization to the shoppers. For our organization to accomplish acknowledgment of the items through which our showcasing openings have opportunities to expand, at that point we ought to have the option to have our objective purchasers. This is ordinarily accomplished relying upon the accompanying elements; the buyers wants and inclinations for our items, topographical components, area, sex and furthermore age, these elements ought to be resolved before we settle on a choice on a specific market division which will later give our items a showcasing opportunity. This division should coordinate contrasts in the purchasing conduct of our clients under which we ought to likewise consider the item rivalry in the market by expressing plans on how our organization will conquer the contenders quality through which we ought to examine the quantity of contenders, their size, area and their qualities and shortcomings in the market. Under market division, we ought to have the option to state what the clients look for in our items whether it is the quality, cost or comfort, through this we will have the option to distinguish the requirements and the advantages that our clients will pick up from our items. For the companys advertising blend, we ought to view the accompanying components applied in the showcasing blend: item we ought to guarantee that before the item is advanced into the market, the attributes of the items ought to be all around characterized to address the issues of the shoppers, the bundling of the item ought to be alluring to lure the clients to purchase the item, the nature of the item ought to be great, that is it ought to be the quality that matches with the solution of the item in the market so it can keep up its customers who are not misdirected with the distortion of the characteristics with its rivals. Valuing the organization ought to settle on the accompanying estimating techniques to empower item arrive at its promoting guidelines. Premium valuing is the place the uniqueness of the organization item is characterized. This evaluating is typically high and is completely utilized where there is a significant rivalry of the item in the market. For the organization to have the option to pick up the piece of the pie, we ought to thusly apply the infiltration valuing whereby, when the organization accomplishes the piece of the pie, it builds the cost of its item. In a circumstance where the companys need to advance the item in the market, at that point we are educated to utilize the limited time strategy with respect to valuing in which a shopper is approached to purchase an item and the buy is joined by a free example of the item. For the organization to catch our buyers, we are encouraged to utilize the hostage item evaluating technique which is utilized where the item contain supplements and promptly the shopper is caught, at that point the exceptional cost will be charged by the organization. Under the mental valuing technique, the organization will have a point of needing the shopper to react to its item genuinely as opposed to judiciously. Likewise value skimming might be applied in our organization whereby the organization will charge a significant expense because of a considerable rivalry, this significant expense is regularly applied to acquire new contenders the market and afterward after they show up in the market then the value falls along these lines pulling in the customers to purchase an item accused of a low cost. The spot or the channel of circulation, this is the exercises that will be utilized by our organization to move its item from the creation to utilization. Guiltless needs to go over different channels of conveyance to empower our items arrive at the focused on advertise. This implies we ought to pick either to utilize the direct or the roundabout channels that is it might be to the shoppers straightforwardly or through wholesalers. We ought to consider the accompanying so as to settle on the sort of the dissemination channel we are to utilize; we should realize the market portion that the wholesaler knows about in which the merchant must be comfortable with our companys target markets. We ought to likewise know whether our organization approaches, methodologies and picture coordinate with that of the wholesaler, we ought to likewise mind the capability of the merchant by setting up his encounters and settling on how much preparing and bolster we should give the wholesaler. There are different kinds of channels that we can settle on which one to apply in the circulation of our items, and this include: wholesalers, these are supposed to purchase merchandise in mass from our organization and selling them in littler bundles for resale by the retailers, they can likewise give storerooms to our items, wholesalers will offer our organization a diminished physical contact cost between us the makers and our customers. The second channel that our organization may utilize is the specialists who are typically utilized in universal markets; they might be utilized to broaden the global market for our merchandise. We can likewise utilize retailers, they will have a solid individual relationship with our purchasers through whom the items will be presented to our shoppers, they will offer credits to our clients along these lines advancing and marketing our items. The other option is the utilization of the web through which the organization will have a geologically more extensive market consequently empowering our items to contact a more extensive crowd. This channel has a low costs set up because of its low obstruction in the section to the items advertise. The other component is advancement, this is the advertising correspondence that ought to be utilized by our organization to get our items in the market, pushing the shoppers to the point of buying our items, we are encouraged to utilize the accompanying techniques in advancing our items: Individual selling, this is a method of keeping up personalcustomer relations in which the sales rep will be following up for our organization, these individual ought to be prepared and ought to have the individual selling procedures, however employing them is costly we should utilize them when there is a veritable profit for speculations. Advertising this ought to be applied in applied in our organization which will prompt a continued and an arranged exertion in setting up and bringing understanding between our organization and our purchasers. Ultimately, we can utilize the presentations to make new contacts and recharging the old contacts. This will be utilized to build the attention to our items to the customers along these lines allowing our organization a chance to meet both the exchange and purchasers. Promoting may likewise be utilized in making familiarity with our items to the customers so we may pick up reactions from our objective markets, under this there many publicizing mediums including, print (papers, diaries and banners.) and electronic(television, web and radio) vehicles of correspondence which we may decide to make attention to our items to our buyers. Book index Pastry specialist, M. (2000): Marketing Management and Strategy, third edn: London. Macmillan Business Blythe, J. (2001): Essentials of Marketing, second edn: New York, Prentice Hall Brassington, F. what's more, Pettitt, S. (2000): Principles of Marketing, second Edn: New York, Prentice Hall, Harlow Gronroos, C. (19994): From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: - Towards A Paradigm Shift in Marketing: Management Decision - Vol. 32; 1994, 4-20 Hoffman, D. what's more, Novak, T. (1996): Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-intervened Environments: - Conceptual Foundations: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60(July), pp 50 - 68 Hoyer, W.D. what's more, MacInnis, D.J. (2001): Consumer Behavior, second Edn: New York, Houghton Mifflin Company Kotler, P.; Armstrong, G.; Saunders, J. what's more, Wong, V. (1999): Principles of Marketing, second Edn: New Jersey, Prentice Hall Lovelock, J. (2001): Services Marketing, People, Technology, And Strategy: New York, Prentice Hall McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: - How To Prepare Them, How To Use Them. fourth Edn: London, Butterworth Heinenamm Delegate, T. (2000): Essentials of Marketing Research: London, Financial Times-Prentice Hall

How to Choose Fun Topics to Write About For Essay

How to Choose Fun Topics to Write About For EssayWhen writing an essay, you may be tempted to start out by writing about something so boring that it has little or no entertainment value. While a topic that is very simple and boring is one thing, there are some other topics that are more interesting. What can you write about in an essay that will spark your imagination? You are not alone if you think that this is a great topic for your essay.There are some topics that are easier to write about than others. For example, a subject with a lot of emotion associated with it is going to be more fun to write about than a topic where the emotion is minimal. A topic that has a personal or deeply held belief in it is going to be a good idea, as is a topic that involves more 'interesting' history.If you have any particular area that you know a lot about, this can also make for a very interesting topic for an essay. If you know a lot about horses, you can talk about it in an essay. If you know a lot about important people who rode on horseback, you can talk about that as well. The key is to find a topic that you are passionate about.One easy way to get started is to find something that you really enjoy doing. Find something that makes you happy and that you love doing. Then you will enjoy writing about it as well. For example, if you are passionate about reading and collecting books, it is an easy topic to write about for your essay.Another idea is to spend time thinking about the fun things that you like to do. Look at your list of favorite activities, and find a way to relate it to the topic of your essay. The next time you look at your list, you will be able to reflect back on that activity and draw on it when you are writing your essay.A challenging topic is going to be an even better topic to write about. In fact, this is a topic that you should write about no matter what. This is because it is an exciting topic to write about that you would not mind sharing with other s. So, if you find yourself writing about a challenging topic, make sure that you tell someone that you wrote it about so that they can find out about it.A more interesting topic is one that has a lot of 'tricks and treats.' This means that the topic has a lot of fun things that are involved in it. As you might guess, this means that the subject has a lot of personal meaning for the writer. In fact, this may be a topic that you want to bring into your essay as well.Of course, you can also consider something that does not involve a lot of fun in your essay, but is still an interesting topic to write about. These types of essays are perfect for an essay that contains a lot of challenging material. So, if you were to choose a topic that is challenging but not very challenging, it is a topic that you might want to bring into your essay. Or, if you were to choose a topic that is neither challenging nor very challenging, this is a topic that you might want to bring into your essay.

A Babel of Tongues †The Dialectic of Communication and Solitude in Virginia Woolf - Literature Essay Samples

Virginia Woolf’s answer to Mr. Ramsay’s philosophical pursuits in To the Lighthouse is a reconciliation of both worlds – subjective perception and interpretation, and external objectivity. The first chapter of the novel is entitled â€Å"The Window,† and serves to represent the point of contact between subjective and objective states. This, Woolf believes to be our reality. External facts are arbitrary and meaningless until they are apprehended by a subjective state which gives them form; on a social level, communicating as a participant in society exposes the individual to an incoherent tumult of impressions that have to be reorganized into a coherent whole in solitude. Only then can one achieve peace. The individual is hence continually in search of an equilibrium in the dialectic of communication and solitude.Peter Walsh summarizes this concept in Mrs. Dalloway:For this is the truth about our soul†¦our self, who, fish-like inhabits deep seas and pl ies among obscurities†¦suddenly she shoots to the surface and sports on the wind-wrinkled waves; that is, has a positive need to brush, scrape, kindle herself, gossiping. However, to re-enter society as a participant entails at least a partial suspension of one’s subjectively constructed reality. Creative organisation is forfeited, and the â€Å"infinite richness† of life that Peter experienced a moment ago gives way to anxiety and a sense that events are spiraling out of one’s control. The city appears to be â€Å"floating off in a carnival,† and the febrile party of life – â€Å"the flare and the glare† – becomes lurid and chaotic. The coherent whole fragments and becomes meaningless isolated elements of reality that wash past Peter in an incomprehensible manner: â€Å"the cold stream of visual impressions failed him now as if the eye were a cup that overflowed and let the rest run down its china walls unrecorded.† The c onsequence of this is that â€Å"the brain must wake now†¦the soul must brave itself to endure.† Previously, as an invisible flà ¢neur amidst the bustling city, Peter could relax his mind to appreciate the myriad impressions of London life. To join the party would entail shedding invisibility and arresting these mental excursions in order to function socially. He takes out his pocketknife again, as he did when he first went to see Clarissa in the morning. T.E Apter suggests that the pocketknife is â€Å"a tool with which to pare down his perceptions, to preen his identity, and to defend himself against others’ views.† This is observed in Peter Walsh’s proleptic defense constructed in his thoughts against society’s voice, including Clarissa’s. He defends himself against the labels â€Å"Socialist† and â€Å"failure,† asserting that the future of civilization lies in the â€Å"hands of young men like[himself],† and diminishes Clarissa’s negative opinions of him by suggesting that she is superficial and snobbish. While Apter feels that Peter Walsh’s pocketknife is not a â€Å"worn-out masculine symbol,† Peter’s self-defensive maneuvers are undeniably offensive. Watching Peter handle his pocketknife, Clarissa imaginatively formulates his self-defense as revealed in his interior monologue – that she was â€Å"frivolous; empty minded; a mere chatterbox.† His self-defense invariably becomes an attack – interaction and communication hence turn into a battleground. Clarissa retaliates â€Å"like a Queen whose guards have fallen sleep and left her unprotected,† and â€Å"summoned to her help the things she did; the things she liked; her husband; Elizabeth; her self, in short†¦to come about her and beat off the enemy (my italics).† Her self, violated by misrepresentation, seeks to validate itself and emerges as the â€Å"indomitabl e egotism† that safeguards her vanity by overriding Peter’s claims. As a result, both Peter and Clarissa â€Å"challenge each other† as in a â€Å"battle.† Clarissa validates her identity through external indicators – â€Å"the things she did; the things she liked; her husband; Elizabeth.† This is because a pattern of symbolic interpretation preexists the objects she names. Husband, daughter and hobbies can therefore be used as symbols representing success and felicity to vindicate Clarissa’s choices in life and challenge Peter’s position. However, these external indicators often make reductive summaries of their characters that they would not accept so easily in solitude. Clarissa chooses to define herself in these terms insofar as they offer her protection against Peter’s accusations; they cannot, however, fully represent her essential being, which explains â€Å"the feeling†¦of dissatisfaction† she often experiences of â€Å"not knowing people; not being known.† On the other hand, using social language to â€Å"preen one’s identity† does scale down the task of defending oneself against the whole of society into manageable proportions. One tactic Peter employs is in reproducing the external indicators imposed upon him in a dismissive tone (hence â€Å"preening his identity†), as he does later during the party. This subverts the significance of the criticisms and places him in a more enviable light than the term â€Å"failure† would normally allow. This is done without necessitating a head-on battle against society’s rather ill-founded impositions and labels – a task which would only make him appear insecure and, indeed, even more of a â€Å"failure.† Another means of self-defense is to appeal to another set of external indicators, which Peter does in response to Clarissa’s attack. He draws upon his â€Å"praise; his car eer at Oxford; his marriage† and tackles society’s implicit criticisms with another implicit social argument, and hence simultaneously defends and misrepresents himself. When one is alone, the self is relieved of the tedious tasks of self-defense and self-validation. The individual is allowed his own subjective understanding of events passing in the world and meets no resistance in his interpretation. Peter, upon leaving Clarissa, can therefore criticize her as having â€Å"something cold,† â€Å"a sort of timidity which in middle age becomes conventionality,† without facing Clarissa’s offensive self-defense. These criticisms are individual interpretations and are expressed in terms that are more subjective and descriptive, though less peremptory (which reduces their defensive power) than the predetermined arguments implicit in reductive and generalized social indicators. While these interpretations would afford a more meaningful debate, their lack of defensive power causes them to be eschewed on social battlegrounds where the more imperious external indicators are favoured. Only in solitude is Peter able to organize a more meaningful representation of reality based on his own subjective interpretation of the events around him.Social language can be seen to impose frameworks of identity on characters, denying them the validity of their subjectively construed self-representations. It is this imposition of identity that characters in The Hours find unbearable. Cunningham describes his text as a â€Å"riff† on Mrs. Dalloway. Faithfully enough, his text is informed by the same theories of identity as a fluid concept as is seen in Woolf, where the self is constantly foiled and resurrected in an etiology concerning identity shaped by communication and solitude. Richard feels that the party could go on â€Å"with the idea of [him].† His self identity has been subsumed into facile social categorization, and he is define d as the tragic and sick artist who writes â€Å"weird book[s].† It is for this reason that he feels he â€Å"got a prize for [his] performance†¦for having AIDS and going nuts and being brave about it.† The external indicators – his sickness and his lengthy book – once again triumph over the true qualities of the self, here partially represented by the actual contents of his work, which nobody seems to understand. Laura Brown likens her anxieties about meeting her husband to the feeling one gets when â€Å"about to go onstage and perform in a play for which [one] is not appropriately dressed, and for which [one] has not adequately rehearsed.† She is acutely aware of the disparity between her self-perceived identity and the identity society has constructed for her, which she has to assume. She finds social identity – â€Å"the inchoate, tumbling thing known as herself, a mother, a driver† – superficial and meaningless, a nd liberates herself from the constraints of being a wife in a perfect home by escaping into a hotel. She experiences there â€Å"a sensation of deep and buoyant release,† which is the solace of self-reconstruction in solitude. Having â€Å"slipped out of her life† and escaped social imposition, she experiences â€Å"a sensation of unbeing,† for she has just lost social definition. Formerly, the being and the living had been the existence defined by society – the meaningless performance. The dissolution of the social â€Å"I† in solitude allows her self to emerge and conceive how â€Å"it is possible to die,† how death has a â€Å"dreadful beauty.† The â€Å"neutral zone† of the hotel room is void of socially imposed reality, and it is there, for the first time, that Laura is able to understand the appeal of death. This appeal is Laura’s subjective interpretation of the world (and of death in particular), and is an inter pretation that has thus far been suppressed by social definition. Her â€Å"patriotism† for her husband – her civic responsibility to remain by his side and uphold the social tenets of familial duties – previously made such an idea unthinkable. A more insidious aspect of social interaction and communication is highlighted in Mrs. Dalloway and is represented by the two â€Å"Goddesses† of â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion.† These are essentially abstractions of social establishments that enforce definitions regarding moral, political, emotional, or aesthetic realities, and which are given a satirical mythological status. They â€Å"smite out of [the] way roughly the dissentient, or dissatisfied† and â€Å"bestow†¦blessing on those who†¦catch submissively from [their] eyes the light of their own,† asserting their blinkered positions to be the only truths. Hugh Whitbread, who kissed Sally Seton to â€Å"punish her for saying that women should have votes,† could be said to be an agent of â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion.† He masquerades under the â€Å"venerable name† of â€Å"kindness† and does more harm than â€Å"the rascals who get hanged for battering the brains of a girl out in a train.† Having been converted, he becomes a proponent of the â€Å"Goddesses†: by embodying outward social perfection without real depth of character, he is empowered, under the aegis of society, to stifle imagination, creativity and understanding, and repudiates Sally’s self-conceived reality, which made only the very modest claim that equal voting opportunities are appropriate in a civic moral society.Michael Cunningham, in The Hours, examines Woolf’s â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion† in the context of the homosexual identity. By transposing Woolf’s diegesis of anomie onto the postmodern constructionistic concepts of identity, Cunningham is able to intensify the paradoxical tensions concerning the need for validation of one’s subjective experiences and the longing for social acceptance and integration. Walter Hardy, desiring acceptance, succumbs to â€Å"Conversion.† He possesses physical health, wealth and happiness – the touchstones of social success – leaving not a trace of the â€Å"overweight, desperately friendly† child â€Å"able to calibrate the social standing of other ten-year-olds to the millimeter.† But by accepting society’s criteria for judging success, he affirms its truth. Richard is hence justified in saying that â€Å"eternally youthful gay men do more harm to the cause than do men who seduce little boys.† At least in seducing little boys, these men are affirming their subjective life experiences (which are their homosexual attractions and emotions), whereas men like Hardy, by their outward subscription to the social norm and passive assimilation of society’s ideological truths, allow the cycle of self-invalidation to continue into the next generation, and end up as simulacra of the â€Å"boys who tortured them in high school,† becoming the very forces that convert other individuals into the â€Å"Proportions† of masculinity and success. Oliver St. Ives is another character that embodies â€Å"Proportion.† Sally remarks â€Å"how much Oliver resembles himself.† The Oliver as movie star is almost identical to the Oliver of real life. As a movie star his image on television is defined through popular appeal, through society’s ideals. That his private image should correspond so well with society’s golden standard reveals Oliver’s lack of true self-identity – â€Å"as if all other brawny, exuberant, unflinching American men were somehow copies of him.† He is the face of the American male. Characteristically, his movie panders to society’s â€Å"Proportion†: an action thriller with a guy â€Å"who saves the world, one way or another.† An additional caveat attached reveals that â€Å"this one would have a gay man for a hero.† Unfortunately, saying that â€Å"it’s not a big deal. He wouldn’t be tortured about his sexuality. He wouldn’t have HIV† is once again to deny the homosexual experience, to insist homosexuals had â€Å"never been strange children, never taunted or despised,† and to reinforce the experiences of society’s heterosexual norm. As David Bergman points out in â€Å"Gaiety Transfigured: Gay Self-Representation in American Literature,† â€Å"the child who will become gay conceives his sexual self in isolation. I cannot think of another minority that is without cultural support in childhood.† This precarious identity developed in solitude is allowed to be stampeded by the need for social confirmation, and Oliver becomes the very force of â€Å"Conversion.† Sally’s anger with â€Å"every optimistic, dishonest being† who denies their subjectively construed identity in favour of society’s brutal misrepresentation is hence vindicated. Such are the perils immanent in social participation that make a retreat into solitude so appealing. â€Å"Our apparitions, the things you know us by, are simply childish† – here, Mrs. Ramsay recognizes that the self is inevitably distorted by and heavily concealed from society. Human relations are â€Å"flawed,† â€Å"despicable† and â€Å"self-serving at their best,† because people inevitably choose to understand the world in a manner most gratifying to one’s vanity. She relishes the solitude wherein â€Å"she needs[s] not think about anybody,† and needs not continually fight for self-validation. â€Å"Having shed its attachments,† her self is free to wander uninhibited, and â₠¬Å"the range of experience seem limitless.† These â€Å"strangest adventures† are not merely Mrs. Ramsay’s escapist fantasies of traveling to Rome and India; they are life experiences that are reorganized and refashioned by the â€Å"unlimited resources† within one, and which form a subjectively conceived coherence – â€Å"a summoning together, a resting on a platform of stability.† Society foists itself on the individual, and it is only through â€Å"losing personality† and escaping social participation – whether as mother, wife or host – that the external world is held back, enabling one to lose â€Å"the fret, the hurry, the stir† and create â€Å"this peace, this rest, this eternity† by and for oneself. In retreating into the â€Å"wedged-shape core of darkness† of her self, subjective experience seemingly overwhelms the external objective world and turns it into a self-referential mirror  œ â€Å"She (Mrs. Ramsay) became the thing she looked at.† This mirror affords â€Å"peace† because it is the expression of the â€Å"core of darkness,† the moi splanchnique. Seeing the self reflected on the face of the world lets it conceive of a harmonious unity, as if the essential truths of reality are indeed within oneself. Woolf, however, as a lover of parties, maintained that communication with the external world is not only desirable, but also necessary. Septimus’ decline into solipsistic insanity corroborates the idea that â€Å"communication is health; communication is happiness.† Septimus may also be seen as Clarissa’s doppelgà ¤nger. The tragic force gathers him, the alienated individual, in its nihilist folds and leads him to a premature death just as the comic force in Clarissa repeatedly pulls her back into society’s embrace in an affirmation of the positive and the social order. Shell-shocked after the war, Septimu s appears to repudiate the impositions of the objective world – the social and the external – and constructs a reality based almost exclusively on his thoughts and emotions. His preoccupation with Evans conjures up images of him with hardly any objective stimulus – he hears him sing and speak where there could only possibly be birds singing or people talking. The objective world is lost to him, and he reveals: â€Å"I went under the sea†¦ but let me rest still.† He has collapsed into himself; his reality implodes. â€Å"Under the sea† he stays immersed in his own self and society’s call for him to emerge is feverish, lurid and cacophonic:But let me rest still; he begged†¦and as, before waking, the voices of birds and the sound of wheels chime and chatter in a queer harmony, grow louder and louder and the sleeper feels himself drawing to the shores of life, so he felt himself drawing towards life, the sun growing hotter, cries sound ing louder His â€Å"doom† was hence â€Å"to be alone forever.† By the end of the novel he turns away from life and his doctors who are â€Å"forcing (his) soul,† committing suicide to preserve â€Å"the thing†¦that mattered.† This is the self which is â€Å"wreathed about with chatter, defaced, obscured†¦let drop every day in corruption, lies, chatter.† â€Å"Closeness draws apart† because social language is inadequate. He cannot survive in this solitude and appealed to death for â€Å"death was an attempt to communicate.† Clarissa does come to intuit his self-identity in the solitude of her â€Å"little room† by imaginative recreation of his death, drawing material from her own experiences and emotions. She feels his â€Å"terror; the overwhelming incapacity,† the â€Å"indescribable outrage† of a â€Å"soul† being â€Å"forc[ed]† and experiences his death vicariously – â€Å"he r dress flamed, her body burnt.† She appeals to her own understanding of the world, remembering how she once felt â€Å"if it were now to die, ’twere now to be most happy.† She seeps into Septimus’ consciousness thus by an empathetic subjective understanding. If Septimus’ death is a triumph against Time’s transience and an offering to the epiphanic moments of life, then Clarissa’s quote from â€Å"Othello† would be representative. In solitude, through these references to her subjective world she achieves communication with Septimus. Woolf thus presents a paradox of opposites which is developed further in To the Lighthouse. Lily Briscoe, the artist, finds that â€Å"distance had an extraordinary power.† Distance enables withdrawal from social participation. As she paints, Lily retreats into solitude, going â€Å"out and out†¦further and further, until one [she] seemed to be on a narrow plank, perfectly alone, over t he sea,† in order to peer into â€Å"the chambers of the mind and heart† of Mrs. Ramsay. To understand the â€Å"sacred inscriptions† of Mrs. Ramsay’s soul, Lily has to rely on her subjective understanding of the people and places which completed her. As Clarissa Dalloway suggests, â€Å"to know†¦anyone, one must seek out the people who completed them; even the places.† It would hardly be conceivable to accomplish this mammoth task physically. Lily, however, is able to â€Å"make up scenes,† of which â€Å"not a word†¦was true.† While objectively speaking these events had never occurred they are nonetheless completely plausible, extrapolated hypothetically based on one’s understanding of other people. Fiction, formed by the creative self, is hence a useful tool for exploring human responses to various situations and elucidating their characters. Lily realizes that â€Å"it was what she knew them by all the same,† and views and reviews Mrs. Ramsay from the subjective viewpoints of the Rayleys, of Mr. Carmichael, Mr. Bankes and the other Ramsays. She felt she needed â€Å"fifty pairs of eyes to see with† in order achieve reconciliation amongst the kaleidoscopic representations of Mrs. Ramsay, so that her portrait is not saturated with her limited perspective. Eventually, like Clarissa, she has to experience Mrs. Ramsay’s emotional and intellectual experiences vicariously to achieve understanding. â€Å"What did the hedge mean to her, what did the garden mean to her, what did it mean to her when a wave broke?† – all these questions Lily strives to answer through imaginative enactment of events. She eventually manages to apprehend the world through Mrs. Ramsay’s consciousness and her fear for Mr. Ramsay segues into love and need – â€Å"she wanted him.† This is probably one aspect of Mrs. Ramsay’s emotional response to her husband which Lily has never shared. In this rare instance of human communication, Lily achieves the same unity and peace that Mrs. Ramsay experienced with the lighthouse beam earlier on, for she had become, â€Å"like waters poured into one jar, inextricably the same, one with the object [Mrs. Ramsay] one [she] adored.† The mirror returns, and she solves Mr. Ramsay’s philosophical conundrum – the relationship between subjective and objective worlds – by creating a work of art that affirms the expression of the subjective self using material from the objective world. Her portrait is accurate for the â€Å"odd-shaped triangular shadow† corresponds with the â€Å"wedge-shaped core of darkness† so essential to Mrs. Ramsay’s identity; the finishing stroke scored through the middle of the canvass is also reflective of the severance in human relationships that Mrs. Ramsay has always fought against.Lily, like Woolf herself, rejects the notion of art as mimesis. â€Å"To be on level with ordinary experience† is to experience the phantasmagoric flux of fact and dream, to interweave between objective reality and subjective organization of that reality. Her painting is hence a â€Å"razor edge balance between two opposite forces; Mr. Ramsay and the picture† – the uncompromising facts of objective reality embodied in Mr. Ramsay and Lily’s own subjective understanding of them come together, equipoised, â€Å"clamped together with bolts of iron. Objectivity in society and subjective latitude in solitude soldered together – this is Woolf’s answer to the dialectic of the comforts of solitude and the asperity of communication in external society.

Military Spending, A Necessary Expense. In 2014 The United

Military spending, a necessary expense In 2014 the United States government approved a spending budget for fiscal year 2015. The proposed amount was $1.11 Trillion dollars or $1,110,000,000,000.00; this was the highest budget proposal in United States history. Out of the proposed budget $598.5 billion dollars were allocated to military spending. This consisted of over fifty-four percent of the total budget. To get an idea of just how much this is, the second highest allocation of funds was the cost to run the government. The total allocated to this task is $72.9 billion dollars or just six percent of the total budget. In a time where the National Debt is topping just over $18 trillion dollars as of September 2015, this is an astronomical†¦show more content†¦First, The National defense budget. During the start of the American revolutionary war in 1775, most of the budget for defense was procured from the French government in the form of loans. The total cost of the war left us over $2 million dollars in debt to F rance. This seems like a relatively low cost compared to the value of the dollar today, but accounting for inflation from 1775 to present, $2 million dollars is roughly $62.5 million dollars today. The highest military budget during World War I was $546 million in 1917, which would be just over $10.3 billion dollars today. And again during World War II the budget reached its height in 1944, totaling $74.67 billion or $1.02 trillion dollars today. The war on terror, 2001 to 2015 has run up a total of 1.7 trillion dollars according to an article written by Forbes magazine dated February 3rd 2015. Historically our military budget has far exceeded the rest of the world. Very few countries have even come close to spending 1/3 of our annual budget. There have been vast technological advancements made by the United States due to research and development that is funded by our Defense budget. 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The Media And Its Effects On Society - 1736 Words

In today’s world, the large problem with the way the media advertises the human body is growing every day. From digitally editing magazine ads, to starved models, to plastic people, advertising paints an unrealistic and unhealthy body image to the public. Advertisements that display these plastic people as the epitome of beauty, cause otherwise normal, healthy people to invest in unhealthy diet plans which can lead to eating disorders, and even premature death. Women desperately trying to compete with plastic models are not the only casualty of this cruel psychological war; men are envious of the perfectly toned six packs on underwear models just as much. Eager to compete, steroids clog up the hearts of those who just want to meet the†¦show more content†¦Everyone is self-conscious of something, and these advertisements only encourage more insecurities; implanting a specific image of what a person should look like as time goes on. In reality, people who are complete ly healthy and active are sometimes labeled â€Å"overweight† because of their particular body type and genetic makeup. Yet, the term â€Å"overweight† has a whole different meaning these days, doesn’t it? Websites and magazines tell us what our weight should be for our exact height and age, yet they don’t take into consideration that every human being is different and often won’t live up to the specific number range expected of them. A number on a scale doesn’t define a person, just like long silky hair, trim waists, clear skin, a large bust and thin thighs don’t all define a perfect girl, and six packs, huge muscle build, and tall height don’t all define a perfect boy. . There are thousands of people who suffer with eating disorders every year. â€Å"The morality rate for eating disorders is 6 percent, probably the most deadly of all mental disorders in patients, incorporating starvation, cardiac arrest, and suicide.† (French Fashion Industry Agrees To Promote Healthy Body Images). If these unattainable body images weren’t flaunted where everyone could see and be influenced by it, the number of people with eating disorders would lessen significantly without the pressure of perfection all around them. I have found that these images are more popular in America than some

A Research on Obesity and Diabetes Plaguing...

LITERATURE SEARCH 0 Literature search: Research on African-American women, obesity and diabetes Setse, R., Grogan, R., Cooper, L., Strobino, D., Powe, N., Nicholson, W. (2008). Weight loss programs for urban-based, postpartum African-American women: perceived barriers and preferred components. Maternal Child Health Journal, 12(1), 119-127. Abstract (from CINHAL) There are currently 1.85 million reproductive-aged women in the United States with diabetes or glucose intolerance. While it is known that postpartum weight retention can lead to obesity and diabetes, particularly among African-American women, little is known about African-American womens preferences for postpartum weight loss programs. Our objective was to explore urban-based African-American womens attitudes toward weight gain, perceived barriers to postpartum weight loss, and preferences for weight intervention strategies. METHODS: Focus groups of pregnant African-American women (n = 22) were conducted by a race-concordant moderator. Open-ended questions were posed to stimulate discussions which were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions were independently reviewed by two investigators who extracted quotations and coded each statement to identify major themes. Results: The median age of participants was 26 years. Median pre-pregnancy or first trimester body-mass ind ex was 31 kg/m (2). Fifty-seven percent of the women were multiparous and 68% were Medicaid recipients. We identified 16Show MoreRelatedA Study On Obesity And Obesity3724 Words   |  15 PagesDISTRICT ABUJA. +2348037726861 gentledazy@gmail.com COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES, HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND PREVENTION OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: A GUIDE TO PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION. ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity are increasing globally even in developing nations. Nigeria currently does not have national figures on overweight and obesity in adults and adolescents. This shows that it is not yet seen as a priority despite the associated risks. Public health interventions need to be onRead MoreAttitudes And Perceptions Of Immigrants2334 Words   |  10 Pagesto discuss, especially when women, and some men, are at the center of attention. Many individuals feel self conscious of themselves when the discussion of weight is surfaced. Society, in particular the American society, has placed emphasis on being a certain weight, and at the same time viewing a person who is over a specific size as overweight and undesirable, as well as having a low socioeconomic status (SES). In comparison to the American society, in the African society, an individual’s weightRead MoreRural Health : The Great Melting Pot1793 Words   |  8 Pagesthe research conducted within the United States suggests that rural populations endure greater health disparities than their urban counter parts. â€Å"The term health disparities refer to distinct patterns of differences in health status and well-being across population groups.† (Huff, Klin e, Peterson, 2015, p. 102) The struggles rural Americans face is not defined as much by race as they are by a person’s culture and ethnicity. In this paper, minorities are defined as Black/African Americans, AmericanRead MoreThe Extensive Effects of Alzheimer’s Disease 2480 Words   |  10 Pagesupon the people who give support to the affected. The expenses of Alzheimer’s are so high that the disease has caused a financial epidemic through out the nation. Through research, it has been concluded that Alzheimer’s is the most expensive disease to be effected by, beating cardiac diseases and many others that are currently plaguing the nation. Scope of the Problem Among the top causes of death in America, Alzheimer’s ranks at number six in the United States. In 2013, this disease afflicted 5.2Read MoreRacism And Its Effects On Mental Health Status2068 Words   |  9 Pagesrelated to elevated levels of blood pressure in blacks although this association has not always been found. Another significant psychological effect of racism is its attack on the ego identity of its victims. Negative images of blacks are pervasive in American culture. The age-old proverb that sticks and stones may break my bones but words can never hurt me does not ring true for the effect that believing hurtful words and negative cultural images can have on an individual s health. This idea of

Troubling Issues of Child Labor in Between Shades of Grey...

The novel Between Shades of Grey by Ruta Sepetys does an excellent job illustrating the troubling issue of child labor. The extent of child labor in a country is directly linked by the nature and extent of poverty within it. Child labor deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity. It is detrimental to physical and mental development. Today, there are an estimated 246 million child laborers around the globe. This irritating social issue is not only violates a nation’s minimum age laws , it also involves intolerable abuse, such as child slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, and illicit activities. In Between Shades of Grey , Lina and her ten year old brother are unrightfully charged 25 years of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" Worldwide, there are an estimated 246 million children engaged in child labour. Some 180 million children aged 5–17 (or 73 percent of all child labourers) are believed to be engaged in the w orst forms of child labour, including working in hazardous conditions such as in mines and with dangerous machinery. Of these children, 5.7 million are forced into debt bondage or other forms of slavery, 1.8 million are forced into prostitution or pornography and 600,000 are engaged in other illicit activities.† -(Karen Dukess, UNICEF Media) Poverty struck parents who are out of options are often tricked into selling their children to middlemen for a few dollars. They are fooled into thinking that their child will receive care, a free education, and their wages will be sent back to the family. The harsh reality is seen when the child is denied an education and becomes a frequent victim of maltreatment, physical and psychological abuse by supervisors; a major will never see their family again. However, there is still a small beacon of hope. In Nepal, some children, like Maya Lama, are rescued. Maya was only ten when she was initially forced to work grueling 16-hour shifts in a carpet factory in Nepals capital, Kathmandu. Though child labor is illegal in Nepal, Maya became one of the estimated 1.6 million working children. Established in 2000, the minimum age for most work is 14 years old for work, with the exception of plantations and

Symptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd - 1262 Words

have different symptoms such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and other issues. This trauma history will align with the diagnosis to make it clearer. A soldier has will be cycling through emotions due to lack of sleep, stress, depression, and not being able to be stable. It is important to have a non-structured interview because it will help the social worker be able to make a connection with the client. The results for this case will be important because the worst traumatic The evidence has shown by PTSD has grown into one of the fastest growing compensated conditions in the Veteran Affairs and Social Security. This disability program covers over 3 million veterans between 1999 and 2004 (Speroff, T,2012). When the diagnosis†¦show more content†¦The not standardized test findings was not accuracy either for it. When literature was involved in the clinical setting, it became accurate and within guidelines. The biggest way to meet criteria for PTSD, an individual mus t report the distress of social, occupation, and other functions. Most clinicians try to have non standardized groups before they decide on the disorder. It is to help the soldier be able to give their opinion without being tested for each symptom. The assessment can still provide a clear understanding on which ones are not within PTSD. There was utilization of testing but it was low and conducting the interview only lasted less than 30 minutes. Another issue was the veterans undergoing independent assessments that would alter their results. When the evidence of PTSD has been shown, this intervention evaluation helps to provide statistic information for the growing issue. Most veterans need this information so they can know that they are not alone. The standardize testing is shown to give a guide to the social worker but it can not gather all of the information for the case. The non-standardize testing helps with gathering information but does not have a guide to go by to diagnosis the client. It would be hard to meet the criteria depending on which test is given to the client. As a social worker, gathering as much information would help benefit the case. There is a growing number of veterans that are not counted in these statistics due

Application of American Accounting Association- Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Using the American Accounting Association (AAA) ethical decision model explain the ethical issues involved here and recommend a course of action for Jacqui. 2.With reference to relevant case law, prepare a report for the managing partners of MYH on the strength of any negligence case that Oasis might bring against MYH. Answers: Introduction American Accounting Association (AAA) incorporated in 1916, is seen to be having a reputable and rich history for holding premier community of the accountants in academia. The diversity among the membership has been able to create an environment with appropriate innovation and collaboration. The study is intended to address the legal and the ethical issues which need to be considered by the audit division at Miller Yates Howarth (MYH). The main consideration of the study will consist of application of American Accounting Association (AAA) based on the ethical issues and the decision models. The recommendations of the study have shown an effective use of the model. The final section of the study has been seen with the relevant application of the case laws which has been prepared as per the recommendations made by the managing partners at MYH. 1.AAA Model Determination of Facts The given case is considered as per the consideration made by the MYH accounting firm. This is seen to mainly operate in NSW and Queensland. Morgan Fertilisers Pty has been further considered to be long standing client with the operations located in Tamworth and Toowoomba. Morgan Fertilisers has gone through recent changes as the contractors for the waste management has been changed to Dumparound Ltd. Jacqui Leaks one of the senior auditor has been seen to be having the knowledge about the community activities and she has been seen to be having the knowledge about the local council investigating norms in the toxic waste in one of the sites (Azahari, 2013). Identification of ethical issues The considerations of the ethical issues have been considered as per the activities of Morgan Fertilisers Pty, who has changed its contractor to the Dumparound Ltd. for management of waste. The ethical concern has been considered as per the investigation made by Dumparound Ltd. for waste management at one of the sites. The contract made between Dumparound and Morgan Fertilisers is seen to be investigated by the local council norms and the toxic level in one of the sites. The contract between Morgan Fertiliser and Dumparound has not been able to specify for any damages and has not been signed by Dumparound Ltd. The main aspect of the contract is held substantially for last 3 years and has concerning issues for Jacqui. Identification of major principals and rules, values The existing ethical and the legal concern have been considered as per AASB 102 on valuation of inventories. The cost of valuation needs to be recognized as per the asset and this needs to be carried forward for recognition of the revenue. The main applicable code has been seen to be APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants is applicable as per Section 310 conflicts of interest. The application of the rule has shown that MYH members are expected to extend the support for ethical and legitimate objectives and apply relevant procedure in the organization (BIRD OROZCO, 2014). Specification of the alternatives The alternative specification has been evaluated as per the adjustment of the inventories and this has been adjusted in the inventories as per the years end and the dates of physical count. Furthermore, the auditor is required to analyze the inward and the outward movement of stocks with the cutoff date and established the validity date as per the closing year date (Nelson, Proell, Randel, 2016). Comparison of values and alternatives The values have been compared based on the APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants vs. AASB 102 on valuation of inventories. The application of the APES rules of the membership has been seen with the responsibility of the employing the organization as per the professional obligations and comply with the various types of the fundamental principles. The member in the business needs to support the procedures and the rules appropriate to the organization. The important consideration for the AASB 102 rulings has been based in terms of measuring the net realizable value and the cost of asset and these needs to be carried forward with the recognition of the revenue. The inventory cost has been based on the evaluations and the reliable factors of the cost in making the assets ready for use. Identification of the alternatives access the consequences The inventory value is seen to be overvalued and the various types of the income needs are overstated in the gross profit of the company. The overvaluation has been further seen to be take place in the retained earnings. The various types of the consideration for the equity and the total assets may be seen to be overvalued as per the retained earnings. Recommended Decision The recommendation for Oasis Ltd has brought forward the negligence which has been charged during the conduction of audit at MYH. It needs to further base on the sole consideration to deal with the way MYH may or may not held for the issue of negligence. 2.Report for the managing partners of MYH The various types of the considerations as per AASB 102 on valuation of inventories has been identified as main issue and the error in the inventory valuation is based on the cost of the asset recognized or the total value whichever is lower. The inventory cost needs to be based on the cost of purchase, conversion cost and the cost incurred in making of an asset which is ready with a specified purpose. The inventory cost may or may not recovered as per the inventories which are seen to be obsolete or damaged. It has been further observed that the inventory cost has not been recovered based on the evaluated expenses and assessed the expenses based on the sales policy expansion. The important consideration for recording of the inventory is below the cost of the net realizable amount which is seen to be reliable in nature. This should not be carried with the excess amount of the expected realization of the sales amount. The inventory is seen to be overvalued with the net income and the gross profit needs to be overstated. The important consideration has been further seen to be considered as per the overvaluing of the equity of stockholder, retained earnings and amount of net profit. The overvaluation of the inventory has been further seen to be considered as per the starting period of the accounting year and the same has been seen to be considered as per the accompaniment of the time frame. The cost of goods needs to be considered as per the COGS will be high and the period of the net income and gross profit is considered to be too low. As per the Morgan Fertilisers case, the carrying value of the inventory has been considered to be particularly high based on the inventory value which has been depicted in the balance sheet of the company. 50% of the inventory has been further considered to be obsolete and this has been not supposed to include the valuation of the inventory. The different types of the considerations made for the inventory has been further seen to base on the actual value. MYH stock valuation needs to be taken into consideration by the management. The case of Morgan Fertilisers is considered as per the high inventory value and the values which have been taken into the consideration in the balance sheet of Oasis Ltd. Despite of the varying nature of the considerations, after two months the inventory value of the company has been seen to be overstated. More than 50% of the inventory has been also considered as obsolete in nature and this has been further seen to be obsolete and not included in the valuation of the inventory. The physical confirmation of the inventories has been considered as the responsibility of the management. The duty of the management has been further seen to be considered as per the checking of the inventories once in every year and this has been seen to be conducive in the establishment of the financial statement. The auditor needs to consider the evaluation with the complete review of the technique and get acquainted to the adequate and suitable audit confirmation, which is comparable with the physical inventory. The auditor needs to be present physically with the inspection and the investigation of the inventory to check the systems around the management to record the changes based on the dependability of the procedures. The auditor cannot opt for the inventory count which is seen to be available as per the alternative measures for the inventory adjustments in terms of the date of count and accurate recording of the same. The auditor needs to review the management information and the internal control with the various considerations of the tagging, identification of the obsolete and non moving items. The auditor needs to consider the various types of the cut off procedures for the valuation of the WIP and the movement in the inventory. The various types of the third party considerations are depicted below as follows: The financial statement is not seen to be true in nature The auditor has been recklessly ignoring the fact and considering the same to be untrue The errors has been committed while preparation of the final accounts There has been certain amount of negligence on part of the auditor employe The main applicable case has been seen to be done based on Esanda Finance Corporation Ltd v Peat Marwick Hungerfords (1997). The main observation has shown that the corporation has lent money as per the audit report. The default in the payment has been observed with Esanda claiming to the auditors to provide the loans as per the audit report and the breaches made in the accounting standard (Wang Cuthbertson, 2015). Conclusion The given case has been able to show that MYH has verified the stock appropriately. It has been also seen that they have been able to approve the valuation and did not consider the obsolescence for stock. The different types of the evidence has been further able to depict that Oasis Ltd. has been included for significant pressure which has been considered by the client based on the completion of the audit process with the limited nature of the time. The completion of the audit process has been further seen to be considered from the balance sheet of the company. The various considerations of the report has been also able to depict that Oasis Ltd should bring forward the significant negligence with the audit of MYH. Reference List Azahari, F. (2013). Shariah Audit in a Legal Process: Future Growth in Specialised Skills. Malayan Law Journal, 6(xciii), 118. BIRD, R. C., OROZCO, D. (2014). Finding the Right Corporate Legal Strategy. MIT Sloan Management Review, 56(1), 8189. Retrieved from https://www.redi-bw.de/db/ebsco.php/search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=98547057site=ehost-live Nelson, M. W., Proell, C. A., Randel, A. E. (2016). Team-oriented leadership and auditors willingness to raise audit issues. Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51399 Wang, T., Cuthbertson, R. (2015). Eight Issues on Audit Data Analytics We Would Like Researched. Journal of Information Systems, 29(1), 155162. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-50955

Midwifery Australian Nursing

Question: Discuss about theMidwiferyfor Australian Nursing. Answer: Introduction The Australian Nursing and Midwifery council regulates the nursing and midwifery practice at the national level. It includes members from all the states and territories. The essay deals with an emerging issue within the profession of midwifery. The essay highlights the evidence related to the topic and provides link to the relevant research and policies. The midwifery practices face challenges as midwifes in public sector are unable to meet their role as primary caregivers particularly in the materiality services in Australia (Kingwell et al., 2016). In the public sector the obstetricians are continuing to be the main caregivers. Even in the situation where there are low risk obstetrics patient physician are involved as primary caregiver and sometime playing the role of midwifes. In maternity services physicians were involved in intrapartum, antenatal as well as postnatal care. Therefore, it is a matter to wonder as to what exactly is the role of midwifes. The study executed by Kingwell (2013) showed that midwifes in Australia perceive that fulfilling their role is not possible in relation to the international definition of midwife. This data is supported with the study of Eadie and Sheridan (2017) which mentioned that midwifes experience less autonomy. They do not receive the opportunity to practice their knowledge and skills acquir ed in the training. The care delivered by midwifes is affected as they lack confidence to deliver high quality care. They do not practice to their full potential. Sandall et al., (2016) highlighted that obstetrician in public sector demand the midwifes to call them to be present even in the low risk deliveries. There are instances where the low risk woman prefers the physician to review or take their delivery. It is due to perception created that only the physician can ensure safe delivery. Such assumptions are trivialising the place of the midwifes. Eadie and Sheridan (2017) suggested that there is a need of the modification of the implemented roles and require restructuring of jobs. There is a need of modification of the deeply-entrenched hierarchiesand replace with more modern work models of management. Hospitals need to enhance the role of midwifes. In conclusion it can be said that the midwifes need to ensure consistent standards of training and practice. They must get the trust and respect they deserve. There is a need of role modification or restructuring of jobs so that midwives get more opportunities to practice to their full potential, make informed choices and play more advocacy role. It will ensure developing skills and confidence to uptake more responsibility towards the care of pregnant women. References Eadie, I. J., Sheridan, N. F. (2017). Midwives experiences of working in an obstetric high dependency unit: A qualitative study.Midwifery,47, 1-7. Kingwell, E. L. (2013). Do midwives possess the knowledge, skills and confidence to care for acutely ill women within the tertiary maternity hospital setting?. Kingwell, E. L., Butt, J., Leslie, G. (2016). Maternity high-dependency care and the Australian midwife: A review of the literature.Women and Birth. Sandall, J., Soltani, H., Gates, S., Shennan, A., Devane, D. (2016). Midwife?led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women.The Cochrane Library.

Involving and Engaging Employees Coca

Executive Summary Employees play a major role in the success of a company. They are charged with the responsibility of implementing organisational policies. They also represent the firm’s values and interests. Many businesses, however, fail to acknowledge the role of these stakeholders in their success.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, they fail to exploit their full potential. Employee involvement and engagement is set to change this. Involvement is a process spearheaded by the management with the aim of increasing access to information among workers. It helps to promote trust within an organisation. It also supports informed decision making processes. Employee engagement, on the other hand, is a situation where workers are committed to a firm and its values. They become citizens of the organisation tha t they work for. Employee involvement and engagement are crucial to the success of Coca-Cola Great Britain. As a result, the company has maintained a motivated workforce. Better results can be achieved through the adoption of human resource management practices aimed at increasing flexibility and job design. Introduction Coca-Cola Great Britain is based in the UK (Ignatius 2011). Its headquarters are located in West London. It is a subsidiary of the Coca-Cola Company. The parent firm wholly owns the organisation. It was established with the aim of serving the UK market more efficiently. Like its parent company, it is involved in the manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages (Senker Foy 2012). It also oversees other activities, which include distribution, marketing, and retailing. Coca-Cola Great Britain engages in the preparation of syrup concentrates, which are later sold to bottling plants across the country. The bottlers control specific territories within the region. Coca-Cola rem ains the company’s main brand (Ignatius 2011). Its formula was developed by John Stith in 1886. The formula is a closely guarded secret in the company. It is considered as intellectual property. Subsidiaries, such as Coca-Cola Great Britain, are also required to safeguard the secret on behalf of the parent company. To ensure this, employee loyalty is required. The company has achieved this by promoting employee involvement and engagement.  Coca-Cola Great Britain consists of a team of 110 individuals (Senker Foy 2012). They are involved in the running of seven manufacturing plants spread across the country.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their main responsibility is to ensure that the existing brands are manufactured in adequate quantities to satisfy the demand in the UK market (Senker Foy 2012). At the same time, they promote the brands in an attempt to increas e its consumption rates. The organisation also seeks to develop new brands. The only way to achieve this is through innovation. A motivated workforce is, therefore, required. Innovation is aimed at increasing efficiency at the point of manufacture, retailing, distribution, and marketing. With over 4650 individuals currently employed in enterprises operated by Coca-Cola Great Britain, there is need to develop effective human resource management (HRM) practices to increase the productivity of the workforce. Problem Statement Employees are important in ensuring the success of their organisations. However, their role is often overlooked. As a result, the management is not keen to develop HRM strategies aimed at addressing issues affecting them. For this reason, their productivity within a firm tends to go down. They lack motivation to work towards the success of their firms. Employees are also mainly excluded when it comes to decision making (Henderson 2011). Managers tend to make decis ions affecting the entire organisation without consultations. The result is that employees lack trust in the firm’s leadership. They are also less motivated to work beyond the terms of their employment contract. They also lose faith in the values upheld by the business (Balantyne 2004).  The only way to avoid this shortcoming is by involving employees more in the day-to-day running of the firm. The management often achieves this by giving the workforce access to more information concerning their organisation. The practice promotes employee engagement. Workers get committed to their firm and its values. At the same time, they develop the will to assist their colleagues. However, many firms are not aware of the importance of putting in place effective HRM practices. As a result, the performance of their employees tends to be dismal. Organisations also fail to acknowledge the importance of flexibility and job design in promoting success. As a result, the work requirements of t heir employees are not satisfied. Consequently, their performance is negatively affected.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Questions The study focused on the assessment of the impacts of HRM practices on employee involvement and engagement in relation to the performance of Coca-Cola Great Britain. The study also sought to examine the role played by flexibility and job design. The importance of these elements to the company was also assessed. Consequently, the study sought to respond to the following research question: What are the effects of involvement and engagement of employees in the business activities of Coca Cola Great Britain? What are the factors affecting the involvement and engagement of the workforce at Coca Cola Great Britain? What is the future of the engagement and involvement of employees in conte mporary organisations? Human Resource Management Employee involvement is an initiative taken by the management to increase workers’ access to information (Daniels, Davis Shipton 2008). The move is aimed at enhancing their commitment to the firm, its values, and objectives (Holm 2013). It is a form of top down communication within an organisation. Information emanates from the top leadership positions. A number of forums are used to promote employee involvement. For example, managers can hold meetings and briefings where workers are informed of the progress made within their organisation (Balantyne 2004). Newsletters and memos can also be used to pass information. However, there have been concerns that these methods of communication do not give employees a chance to offer prompt feedback. As a result, they feel neglected in the decision making process. Face-to-face communication is recommended to avoid this. In the past, management had a tendency to rely on third parties to pass information to employees (Kiessling Harvey 2006). Such parties included representatives and workers unions. Little information was given to the workers. It was passed only on a ‘need-to-know’ basis. Direct communication, on the other hand, means that no third party is involved in the link between the management and the employees. It is considered to be the most effective strategy. Modern HRM professionals believe when workers know about their business, they become willing and committed to complete their tasks (Marchington Wilkinson 2012). As such, the practice increases productivity. However, there are concerns that increased involvement of employees may translate to more work and stress. For example, they are required to be more involved in decision making (Albrecht 2010). As such, their responsibilities within the firm are increased. An increase in roles induces stress and, eventually, translates to poor performance.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are different forms of employee involvement. They range from task participation to financial involvement, downward communication, and upward problem solving (Cox, Zagelmeyer Marchington 2006). Task participation mainly involves job redesigning and enrichment. Redesigning entails restructuring of tasks, roles, and responsibilities associated with a particular job. As a HRM practice, it is aimed at inspiring and motivating employees (Daniels, Davis Shipton 2008). Job enrichment, on the other hand, involves assigning additional responsibilities to workers. It is aimed at motivating persons who are self-driven. It is mostly evident among employees at higher levels within the organisation. Task participation can also be in the form of teamwork. It offers employees a chance to exchange ideas with others. As a result, they gain a better understanding of their organisation and the issues affecting it.  The management can increase employee commitment through financial involvement ( Bratton Good 2012). It involves providing financial incentives to workers in order to motivate them. Profit sharing is one of the most commonly used incentives. Management can directly or indirectly make payments based on the profitability of the firm. The payment is in addition to the regular salaries and bonuses. The companies that are publicly traded often resort to allocation of shares to their workforce. The arrangement is referred to as a share ownership scheme (Boxall Purcell 2012). Through financial involvement, employees are made aware of their organisation’s performance. They also get the opportunity to share the profits made by the firm. As a result, they are more willing to contribute to the success of the business.  Downward communication emanates from people in top management positions (Gruman Saks 2011). A good example is an address from the chief executive officer to junior officers. Most of these communications are aimed at giving employees updates on fu ture plans by the management. As such, they can adequately prepare for any changes that may occur at their place of work. It may also involve passing information on matters affecting production and the delivery of services either directly or indirectly. As such, employees have a clear picture of what is expected of them within their organisation. Their ability to make decisions is also increased. Upward communication is another form of employee involvement. It is aimed at solving problems that arise within a firm (Noe Noe 2012). The management encourages employees to come up with ideas that would help solve these challenges. The leaders also seek to encourage innovation. The reason for this is to ensure that the organisation gains competitive advantage over its rivals through product differentiation (Noe Noe 2012). The management may also organise attitude surveys to establish how much their employees are committed to the objectives of the firm. Staff surveys may also enable the m anagement to learn the areas of HRM that need to be changed. Through problem solving groups, employees are able to provide suggestions that improve the day-to-day running of the organisation. Employee engagement Employee engagement is viewed as commitment to an organisation and its values. The workforce also exhibits willingness to help their colleagues improve their performance (Daniels 2006). It is also commonly referred to as organisational citizenship. It can only be offered to a firm willingly. As such, it cannot be demanded from an individual as one of the terms of the employment contract (Kiessling Harvey 2006). In this case, employees have the ability and the desire to ensure the success of their firm. Their desire and commitment is exhibited through discretionary efforts in the form of such acts as working extra time (Amabile Kramer 2011). Employee engagement also entails willingness to put in intellectual effort to ensure that an organisation performs well. Individuals a lso carry out their tasks with a positive attitude (Armstrong Taylor 2014). They also relate well with others to meet organisational goals and objectives. They also feel lucky to be involved in the activities of the organisation. They tend to take it as an opportunity to enhance their skills. Businesses can achieve employee involvement and engagement by allowing their workers to speak out on matters affecting the business. They feel that their contribution to the firm is valued (Bratton Good 2012). They also get the impression that the employer is transparent with them. As a result, they gain trust in the management and its activities. Employee engagement in many firms is achieved through the involvement of the workforce in decision making. Effective HRM practices require ideas emanating from workers to be taken into consideration. Their contribution should be acknowledged and appreciated by the management (Cummings Worley 2014). Employees should also be able to communicate openl y with the organisation’s leadership without fear of retribution. As a result, they do not feel sidelined when it comes to decision making and formulation of policies (Cummings Worley 2014).  Research shows that employee involvement and engagement at Coca-Cola Great Britain has been as a result of eased relations between the workforce and the management (Torrington et al. 2011). Individuals working for the organisation are encouraged to generate new ideas. The management is also keen to acknowledge the contribution of the employees. It often rewards their commitment, especially through better pay (Little Little 2006). As a result, a culture of innovation has been developed. The ‘Share a Coke’ campaign aimed at promoting the Coca-Cola brand was associated with a lot of success. The success can be attributed to the commitment of employees to the success of their organisation. The commitment is expressed by constantly generating new ideas (Rees French 2010).  There are a number of positive outcomes associated with the HRM practices. To begin with, cases of absenteeism have drastically decreased. The productivity of the employees has also gone up owing to the increased efforts. Error rates have also declined following the development of organisational citizenship (Luthans Peterson 2002). Workers have grown more emotionally attached to their firm. Role of Flexibility and Job Design Litheness is an important quality within any organisation. It is the ability of a firm to adapt to the composition, responsiveness, size, and cost of the human capital required to achieve its goals and objectives (Felstead, Jewson Walters 2003). It is an important HRM goal for any business. Employers and employees view flexibility from different perspectives. In the case of the employer, employee flexibility is all about efficiency (Felstead, Jewson Walters 2003). They feel that the workforce should be able to change its schedule with relative ease to deal w ith emergencies (Rayer Adam-Smith 2009). As such, the organisation is able to deal with emerging issues without outsourcing for human capital. On the other hand, employees view flexibility as the ability to juggle between work and home with ease. The needs of employers and employees in relation to flexibility at the workplace should be balanced to ensure optimum productivity (Lockwood 2007).  At Coca-Cola Great Britain, employee flexibility is viewed as one of the organisational goals. The company respects the rights of the workers (Ignatius 2011). For example, employees are allowed time-off during working hours for ante-natal care. Maternity leaves are also granted. During the time, workers are entitled to pay for a period of 39 weeks as per UK laws. Maternity leaves can extend to one year. Workers at Coca-Cola Great Britain are also given leave to attend to paternal, parental, and adoption issues. Dependants are also allowed time-off to attend to their households (Ignatius 2011 ). Their responsibilities may range from children to parents and spouses. As a result, the organisation’s workforce enjoys a better work-life balance. Employees are able to attend to their responsibilities both at work and at home with relative ease. Besides these instances, it is important for the company to allow persons who have offered more than 26 weeks of continuous service to request for leaves with justified reasons. The move is a legal requirement for all firms operating in the UK. Flexibility at the organisation has helped reduce cases of absenteeism (Felstead et al. 2002). Unpaid leaves are the most effective strategies in ensuring this. Employees are discouraged from missing work unless when it is absolutely necessary. Their morale to work is also boosted. The reason behind this is that they feel the company strives to benefit them. In the process, organisational citizenship is achieved. Job satisfaction among employees is also enhanced. As a result, the rate of e mployee turnover at Coca-Cola Great Britain is generally low. When employees are allowed time-off when need arises, they get to relax and are not fatigued. Upon their return, they become more efficient in their activities and are associated with high levels of productivity. Job design It is an important aspect of HRM practices. It involves putting together a range of tasks and responsibilities to be undertaken by a particular individual within an organisation (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development [CIPD] 2008a). In other terms, it entails specifying the contents of various jobs. The reason for this is to ensure job satisfaction among employees. The potential of workers is also fully utilised (Luthans Peterson 2002). Through job redesigning, organisations can completely engage their workers. More responsibilities mean increased involvement. The reason behind this is that one will be more involved in decision making in the areas of operations entrusted to them. They tend t o develop a sense of responsibility by supporting the day-to-day running of their organisations (Mohr Zoghi 2006). Their effects on the firm are also felt and valued. In the process, they become more engaged and develop organisational citizenship.  Coca-Cola Great Britain is known to use job design to motivate its employees. The company mainly achieves this through task enlargement (CIPD 2008a). The process involves lengthening the work cycle by extending the range of activities and responsibilities within the same level. It involves a combination of many activities (Den 2011). Consequently, one is expected to perform different tasks. Boredom at the place of work is eliminated. Employees are more enthusiastic about their work. Job enrichment can also be used to motivate employees (Pilbeam Corbridge 2010). It is mainly achieved by assigning additional responsibilities to workers. Additional roles often come with a raise in pay (Edwards 2003). As such, employees feel that they are valued in the organisation. Such individuals are motivated to work hard to ensure that their effect is felt throughout the company. Job enrichment is, however, often a reserve of employees occupying higher levels in the organisation (CIPD 2008b). The reason behind this is that they have better knowledge of the company’s operations. Improved results can be achieved at Coca-Cola Great Britain by combining job design with rewards. Conclusion There is no doubt that employee involvement and engagement enhance the success of a company. The two ensure that workers are involved in the day-to-day running of their organisation. Employee involvement means that they are provided with information concerning the business and its objectives. As such, they are empowered to make better decisions. In the process, they are able to promote success. Employee engagement, on its part, involves the development of organisational citizenship. It involves the initiation of emotional attachment to the firm. As such, individuals strive to ensure the continued success of their firm. Improved HRM practices can be developed by promoting job design and flexibility. The two are important sources of employee motivation. They result in increased productivity, which promotes success. Organisations operating in a dynamic market can gain competitive advantage by putting in place effective HRM strategies. Improved employee relations will ensure continued innovation. For this reason, Coca-Cola Great Britain should put in place HRM practices aimed at promoting employee involvement and engagement. Job design and flexibility should also be encouraged. References Albrecht, S 2010, Handbook of employee engagement: perspectives, issues, research and practice, Edward Elgar Publishing, London, UK. Amabile, T Kramer, S 2011, ‘The power of small wins’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 71-80. Armstrong, M Taylor, S 2014, Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice, 13th edn, Kogan Page, London, UK. Balantyne, D 2004, ‘Dialogue and its role in the development of relationship specific knowledge’, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 114-123. Boxall, P Purcell, J 2012, Strategy and human resource management, 4th edn, Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire. Bratton, J Good, J 2012, Human resource management, 5th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 2008a, Smart working: the impact of work organisation and job design, CIPD, London, UK. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 2008b, Smart working: how smart is UK PLC?, CIPD, London, UK. Cox, A, Zagelmeyer, S Marchington, M 2006, ‘Embedding employee involvement and participation at work’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 250-267. Cummings, T Worley, C 2014, Organisation development and change, Cengage Learning, New York. Daniels, K 2006, Employee relations in an organisational context, CIPD, London, UK. Daniels, K, Davis, A Shipton, H 2008, Strategic HRM: building research based practice, CIPD, London, UK. Den, R 2011, Keys to governance: strategic leadership for quality of life, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Edwards, P 2003, ‘The employment relationship and the field of industrial relations’, Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 1-36. Felstead, A, Jewson, N Walters, S 2003, ‘Managerial control of employees working at home’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 241-264. Felstead, A, Jewson, N, Phizacklea, A, Walters, S. 2002. ‘The option of working at home: another privilege for the favoured few’, New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 17, no 3, pp. 204-223 Gruman, J Saks, A 2011, ‘Performance management and employee engagement’, Human Resource Management Review, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 123-136. Henderson, I 2011, Human resource managem ent for MBA students, Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, London, UK. Holm, A 2013, Philosophy of science: an introduction for future knowledge workers, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg. Ignatius, A 2011, ‘Shaking things up at Coca-Cola’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 94-99. Kiessling, T Harvey, M 2006, ‘The human resource management issues during an acquisition: the target firm’s top management team and key managers’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1307-1320. Little, B Little, P 2006, ‘Employee engagement: conceptual issues’, Journal of Organisational Culture, Communications and Conflict, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 111-120. Lockwood, N 2007, ‘Leveraging employee engagement for competitive advantage’, Society for Human Resource Management Research Quarterly, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 1-12. Luthans, F Peterson, S 2002, ‘Employee engagement and manager self-efficac y’, Journal of Management Development, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 376-387. Marchington, M Wilkinson, A 2012, Human resource management at work, 5th edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, London, UK. Mohr, R Zoghi, C 2006, Is job enrichment really enriching?, U.S. Dept. of Labour, U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, Washington, D.C. Noe, R Noe, R 2012, Human resource management: gaining a competitive advantage, 8th edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Pilbeam, S Corbridge, M 2010, People resourcing: contemporary HRM in practice, 4th edn, Prentice Hall, London, UK. Rayer, C Adam-Smith, D 2009, Managing leading people, McGraw Hill, CIPD, London, UK. Rees, G French, R 2010, Leading, managing and developing people, 3rd edn, CIPD, London, UK. Senker, C Foy, D 2012, Coca Cola: the story behind the iconic business, Wayland, London, UK. Torrington, D, Hall, L, Taylor, S, Atkinson, C. 2011. Human resource management, 8th edn, Prentice Ha ll, Essex. This report on Involving and Engaging Employees: Coca-Cola Great Britain was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Q. to help you with your own studies. 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