Definition and Examples of Infinitive Verbs

In English grammar, an infinitive is the  base form of a verb that can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Infinitive comes from the Latin word infinitus meaning endless. The infinitive is a type of verbal, or word derived from a verb that does not function as a verb, that is almost always preceded by the particle to. Infinitive Phrases Infinitives beginning with to and making up infinitive phrases are separate from prepositional phrases that use to (as in She drove to Chicago) to describe movement. An infinitive phrase is made up of the particle to, an infinitive, and any accompanying  objects,  modifiers, or complements. Examples of infinitive phrases: She plans to write a novel.They are going to run around the block.The dog was not hungry enough to eat. A negative infinitive phrase can be formed by placing the negative particle not in front of to. Examples of negative infinitive phrases: She told me not to drink the milk.I was going to really try not to be late.They were warned not to go near the poison ivy. Examples of Infinitives in Literature and Film Mark Twain: It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt. Will Rogers: Half our life is spent trying to find something to do with the time we have rushed through life trying to save. Susan Sontag: Until the advent of television emptied the movie theaters, it was from a weekly visit to the cinema that you learned (or tried to learn) how to walk, to smoke, to kiss, to fight, to grieve. Fred Allen: A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized. Functions of Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases Although infinitives  usually follow main verbs, they may appear in various places and serve different functions in a sentence. Here are a few examples of infinitives that do not follow main verbs and/or are being used as sentence parts other than subjects or objects: To raise a child is  the highest form of education.—to raise is the subject of the verb isWe want to raise our children in a safe environment.—to raise is the object of the verb wantHer only goal is to graduate.—to graduate is the subject complement after the linking verb isEach child has a list of chores to complete.—to complete is the adjective modifying the noun phrase a list of chores James Thurber on the Perfect Infinitive A perfect infinitive is defined as to have a past participle. James Thurber spoke about perfect infinitives in his article for The New Yorker titled Our Own Modern English Usage: The Perfect Infinitive.† Below is an excerpt from this article that describes the perilous situation of too many haves. Too Many "Haves" It is easy enough to say that a person should live in such a way as to avoid the perfect infinitive after the past conditional, but it is another matter to do it. The observance of the commonest amenities of life constantly leads us into that usage. Let us take a typical case. A gentleman and his wife, calling on friends, find them not at home. The gentleman decides to leave a note of regret couched in a few well-chosen words, and the first thing he knows he is involved in this: We would have liked to have found you in. Reading it over, the gentleman is assailed by the suspicion that he has too many haves, and that the whole business has somehow been put too far into the past. His first reaction is to remedy this by dating the note: 9 p.m. Wednesday, June 12, 1929. This at once seems too formal, and, with a sigh, he starts in again on the sentence itself. That is where he makes a fatal mistake. The simplest way out, as always, is to seek some other method of expressing the thought...What he does, however, is to lapse into a profound study of this particular grammatical situation, than which there is no more hazardous mental occupation... First the victim will change the sentence to: We would have liked to find you in. ...this is correct (barring the use of would instead of should), but, alas, the gentleman does not realize it. Few people ever do realize it. This is because the present infinitive, to find, seems to imply success. They, therefore, fall back on the perfect infinitive, to have found, because it implies that the thing hoped for did not come to pass. They have fallen back on it so often that, after the ordinary past tenses, its use has come to be counted as idiomatic, even though it is incorrect... There is a simple rule about past conditionals...After would have liked, would have hoped, would have feared, etc., use the present infinitive. The implication of non-fulfillment is inherent in the governing verb itself, that is, in the would have liked, etc. You dont have to shade the infinitive to get a nice note of frustration...Avoid the perfect infinitive after the past conditional as you would a cobra. Sources Sontag, Susan. â€Å"The Decay of Cinema.†Ã‚  The New York Times, 25 Feb. 1996.Thurber, James. â€Å"Our Own Modern English Usage: The Perfect Infinitive.†Ã‚  The New Yorker, 22 June 1929.

Psyc 255 Synthesis Paper - 1260 Words

Case Study Kimberly Greenway Liberty University According to the course syllabus we were introduced to the techniques of psychological research. This course was able to provide an understanding of how research is done, and what methods we can use to do so. By having a clear understanding of research and techniques used, it allows us to communicate effectively in regards to ideas behind the research process. In this paper, I will use myself as the case study to examine exactly what I learned about research. In the field of mental health, professionals must be constantly looking for ways to help their patients. (Cozby Bates 2012). When dealing with research, it allows us to explore valuable information that has been†¦show more content†¦This can be achieved through anonymous questionnaire, or coding of answers to protect privacy. (Cozby Bates, 2012). Not only is this board put in place for the protection of people, but also for animals. Another major ethical portion of research is to understand fraud and plagiarism. Some may falsify their findings to indicate a result completely different from their research which is fraud. One thing to consider that may be beneficial is peer review, which can help prevent fraud. The findings should be replicated by others to ensure the results are valid. As long as credit is given when using someone else’s research, it is not considered fraud or plagiarism. Fundamental Research Issues and Measure Concepts In research, there are several variables that can change depending on the circumstances. Coming up with an operational definition of those variables ensures that all reading the research understand â€Å"the procedures used to measure or manipulate† them. (Cozby Bates, 2012). When we’re looking at more than one variable, we must be concerned with how the variables relate to each other. These relationships can be defined as negative linear, positive linear, curvilinear, or no relationship. The two ways we can study these relationships are through non experimental and experimental methods. Non experimental does not involve any direct manipulation of the variables as opposed to experimental which involves direct manipulationShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Paper2319 Words   |  10 PagesSynthesis Paper: Psyc 255 Research Methods Learned and Critiqued from A Biblical Perspective Denise Beck Liberty University Synthesis Paper: Psyc 255 Research Methods Learned and Critiqued from A Biblical Perspective The goals of this course according to our syllabus were to introduce us to the techniques of psychological research, to improve our understanding of how research is done and the methods used to do it, and to give us the ability to communicate competently about the ideas behind

Issues Faced by Ventura boat Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Various Issues faced by Ventura boat Company. Answer: Introduction: Ventura boat is the family owned business that deals with manufacturing luxury boats with the tradition methods and traditional materials (Ventura, 2018). This is the business that is facing some of the technological market issues because of the decrease in popularity of these boats in the Australian market. This is the report that focuses on the SWOT analysis of the company along with the in depth discussion of opportunities and threats that company have. As per the analysis, some of the recommendations have also been discussed in the later part of the report that can be implemented by the company for better business in future. SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis is used in order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company (Bull, et al. 2016). Following is the SWOT analysis of Ventura boats: Strengths: Market leader: It has been identified from the case that Ventura is the market leader in Australia. It has been realised that it is the business that deals with making the luxury boats and lead in its sector in the Australian market. High quality: as per the case, the boats manufactured or designed by Ventura are high in quality. The company believes in serving the market with quality products and this is the reasons the company is operating in the industry since so many years. Weakness: Reliance on traditional practices: As per the case, Ventura is the business whose activities are dependent on traditional methods and practices. This is one of weaknesses that the company is facing. Lack of technological efficiency: the company is not at all efficient in technologies that are available in the market and facing the competition from the substitutes. The company use all he outdate technologies for its practices and manufacturing. Lack of overseas experience: the company does not have any overseas experience and thus it unable to expand their business to other international market. Opportunities: Overseas market: the biggest opportunity that the company has is expansion of business to the overseas market. This can help the company to overcome the competition issues that the company is facing in Australia. Upgrading the technology: it is required by the company to upgrade their technologies so that they can compete with the other companies in the same industry. Threats: Shrinking of Australian market: it has been realised from the study that the Australian market in the boat industry is shrinking and thus it is a very big threat for the company (Byrnes, et al. 2016). Current products are becoming illegal in the Australian market. Buyout by big companies: it is also a big threat for Ventura as the big companies in the industry are buying the smaller companies like Ventura. Technological advancement: as discussed that technological advancement in the industry is also becoming a great threat for the business of Ventura. Analysis of opportunities and threats: Opportunities: As far as the opportunities for the company are considered, it has been analysed that the company can upgrade its processes and manufacturing activities by integrating better and modern technologies that are available in the market. As more and more companies in the industry are doing the same thus it is required by Ventura should also take initiatives in this direction. The next opportunity that the company can easily exploit is going to the overseas market. As the company is the market leader in Australia thus analysing the situation, it should take initiatives in order to reach the overseas market. This is the great opportunity for the company to enhance the business and to be in the competition. Threats: In terms of threats it has been analysed that the biggest threat for the company is the lack of technology. To stand in the industry, the company has to take changes in its traditional methods to become more competitive in the market. As its old products are becoming illegal in Australia thus it becomes a threat for the company to even remain the business for long. In addition to it, the big players of the industry are ready to buy out the smaller firms that again act as the big threat for Ventura. Last but not the latest is about shrinking of the local market in Australia for the products that Ventura is serving. Recommendations: There are several recommendations for the company: Upgrading the technology: as per the case, it is realised that upgrading the technology in the process will help Ventura in fighting the race and withstanding the competition in the industry. Technological up-gradation can also help the company to face the challenge from the side of government. Expanding to the overseas market: as discussed that the current products and the practices of Ventura is obsolete in nature and soon will be illegal in Australian market thus it will be beneficial for the company to extend its business in the international market. Launching new products variation: the company can also switch to the new and the demanding product. This will help the company to enter the new industry which has better potential to keep up the business (Kiss and Barr, 2017). Merger: merger is also a very good option for the company. It has been recommended that if it cannot be possible for the firm to enter the new market, it has the opportunity to merge with the company already having the overseas activities (Cartwright and Cooper, 2014). This helps the firm to enter the new market without facing any issues or barriers of internationalisation. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that Ventura is the business that deals with manufacturing small sized boats and serves the Australia market. The company is facing many issues because it is using the traditional practices that are obsolete in nature as per the technologies that are used by the new players. Thus, it is required by the company to exploit the new opportunities such as expanding the business to new international market and upgrading the technology that are in the market. Merging with the other companies is also an option that will help the firm to withstand the competition and sustain in the industry. References: Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. Byrnes, T., Buckley, R., Howes, M. and Arthur, J.M., 2016. Environmental management of boating related impacts by commercial fishing, sailing and diving tour boat operators in Australia.Journal of Cleaner Production,111, pp.383-398. Cartwright, S. and Cooper, C.L., 2014.Mergers and acquisitions: The human factor. Butterworth-Heinemann. Kiss, A.N. and Barr, P.S., 2017. New product development strategy implementation duration and new venture performance: A contingency-based perspective.Journal of Management,43(4), pp.1185-1210. Ventura. 2018.Home - Ventura. [online] Available at: https://ventura-boats.com/ [Accessed 12 Feb. 2018].

Pornography - Sex Or Subordination Essays - Pornography, Sexuality

Pornography - Sex Or Subordination? Pornography -- Sex or Subordination? In the late Seventies, America became shocked and outraged by the rape, mutilation, and murder of over a dozen young, beautiful girls. The man who committed these murders, Ted Bundy, was later apprehended and executed. During his detention in various penitentiaries, he was mentally probed and prodded by psychologist and psychoanalysts hoping to discover the root of his violent actions and sexual frustrations. Many theories arose in attempts to explain the motivational factors behind his murderous escapades. However, the strongest and most feasible of these theories came not from the psychologists, but from the man himself, ?as a teenager, my buddies and I would all sneak around and watch porn. As I grew older, I became more and more interested and involved in it, [pornography] became an obsession. I got so involved in it, I wanted to incorporate [porn] into my life, but I couldn't behave like that and maintain the success I had worked so hard for. I generated an alter-ego to fulfill my fantasies under-cover. Pornography was a means of unlocking the evil I had burried inside myself? (Leidholdt 47). Is it possible that pornography is acting as the key to unlocking the evil in more unstable minds? According to Edward Donnerstein, a leading researcher in the pornography field, ?the relationship between sexually violent images in the media and subsequent aggression and . . . callous attitudes towards women is much stonger statistically than the relationship between smoking and cancer? (Itzin 22). After considering the increase in rape and molestation, sexual harassment, and other sex crimes over the last few decades, and also the corresponding increase of business in the pornography industry, the link between violence and pornogrpahy needs considerable study and examination. Once the evidence you will encounter in this paper is evaluated and quantified, it will be hard not come away with the realization that habitual use of pornographic material promotes unrealistic and unattainable desires in men that can leac to violent behavior toward women. In order to properly discuss pornography, and be able to link it to violence, we must first come to a basic and agreeable understanding of what the word pornography means. The term pornogrpahy originates from two greek words, porne, which means harlot, and graphein, which means to write (Webster's 286). My belief is that the combination of the two words was originally meant to describe, in literature, the sexual escapades of women deemed to be whores. As time has passed, this definition of pornography has grown to include any and all obscene literature and pictures. At the present date, the term is basically a blanket which covers all types of material such as explicit literature, photography, films, and video tapes with varying degrees of sexual content. For Catherine Itzin's research purposes pornogrpahy has been divided into three categories: The sexually explicit and violent; the sexually explicit and nonviolent, but subordinating and dehumanizing; and the sexually explicit, nonviolent, and nonsubordinating that is based upon mutuality. The sexually explicit and violent is graphic, showing penetration and ejaculation. Also, it shows the violent act toward a woman. The second example shows the graphic sexual act and climax, but not a violent act. This example shows the woman being dressed is a costume or being ?talked down' to in order to reduce her to something not human; such as a body part or just something to have sex with, a body opening or an orifice. Not only does ?erotica' show the entire graphic sexual act, it also depicts an attraction between two people. Her research consistently shows that harmful effects are associated with the first two, but that the third ?erotica', is harmless (22). These three categories basically exist as tools of discerning content. Although sometimes they overlap without a true distinction, as in when the film is graphic in the sexual act and also in violence, but shows the act as being a mutual activity between the people participating. In my view, to further divide pornography, it is possible to break it down into even simpler categories: soft and hard core pornography. Hard core pornography is a combination of the sexually explicit and violent and the sexually explicit and nonviolent, but subordinating and dehumanizing categories, previously discussed. Soft core pornography is thought to be harmless and falls into the category known as ?erotica'; which is the category based on mutuality. In hard core pornogrpahy, commonly rated XXX, you can see graphic depiction's of violent sexual acts usually with a man or group of men, deriving sexual gratification