Islam vs. Christianity Essay

Christianity and Islam have numerous similitudes and can without much of a stretch be contrasted with each other. Both follow their underlying foundations to Abraham. Both trust in prescience, God’s ambassadors (witnesses), disclosure, sacred text, the restoration of dead, and the centrality of strict network. This last component is particularly significant. Both Christianity and Islam have a communitarian measurement: what the congregation is to Christianity the â€Å"umma† is to Islam. Regardless of these huge similitudes, in any case, these two world religions have various critical contrasts too. I will talk about 3 points and broadly expound on their ethical lessons, jobs and (obligations) and social equity issues, I will likewise be examining their likenesses and contrasts. The prophet Muhammad stated: â€Å"I have been sent to consummate the morals†. The Quran is the basis (furqan). Anything that repudiates the Quran isn't from Islam. At the point when it c omes something like separation in the Islam religion the book of scriptures says {2:231} And when you separate from ladies and they arrive at their recommended time, at that point either hold them in great association or set them free with charity, and don't hold them for injury, so you surpass the cutoff points, and whoever does this, he to be sure is uncalled for to his own soul;†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ this implies God empowers the couple to select authorities as the initial step to help in compromise during the time spent separation. On the off chance that the compromise step comes up short, the two people are ensured their entitlement to separate as set up in the Qur’an, yet the inquiry lies in what is the system for each. At the point when the man starts a separation, it is known as talaq. Anyway it is distinctive in the Christianity religion; it says that the consummation of the lawful joining between two wedded individuals is called separate. All through most ages and social or ders types of separation have existed. Separation is an unnatural demonstration. It states in Matthew 19:8-9 ~ 8 Jesus answered, â€Å"Moses allowed you to separate from your spouses on the grounds that your hearts were hard. In any case, it was not along these lines from the earliest starting point.  I disclose to you that any individual who separates from his better half, aside from extramarital perversion, and weds another lady submits adultery.† Also Christians have confidence in the idea of â€Å"Original Sin† which implies that people are conceived as miscreants, bearing the weight of the â€Å"Original Sin† of Adam and Eve. Muslims don't have faith in the † Original Sin† for 2 fundamental reasons; In the Quran, God excused Adam for what he has done, and as per the Quran, noâ one ought to be made to tolerate the weight of somebody else’s sin or mix-up on the grounds that it is uncalled for. A likeness that the Islam religion and Christianity religion have is People ought to follow the Ten Commandments and the ethical lessons of the prophets. Islam, being religion of nature, comprehends that individuals are brought into the world with changing endowments. As they vary in their bodies and their highlights so they contrast in their psy chological and different capacities. Islam guarantees just and evenhanded dispersion of riches among the individuals and, then again, gives standardized savings to poor people and the penniless as essential necessities of life. Other than that, Islam likewise shields the frail from the financial misuse by the solid. All there are different angles and signs of what is called Islamic social equity. In Christianity, what at that point, is social equity in Biblical terms? â€Å"Justice† and â€Å"righteousness† are a piece of a lifestyle, which God expects of us as His kin (see for example Micah 6:8; Ps. 11:7; 1John 3:7). This stems from the sort of character, which we have, and is thus the impression of what God Himself is and how He acts (1John 3:7). Social equity is basically the manifestation of along these lines of life in our associations with others. It's anything but an alternative that we may acknowledge or maintain a strategic distance from at our decision; it is an essential piece of our functional Christian living. Harmony is key to these 2 beliefs. This is reflected verifiably in their utilization of comparable welcome significance â€Å"peace be upon you†: pax vobiscum in Christianity, and salaam alaikum in Islam. Frequently, notwithstanding, the welcome of harmony has been implied fundamentally for individuals from one’s own confidence network. Every religion has its own jobs and obligations, the Islam religion have there duties regarding spouses and privileges of the wife; there are four fundamental moves for wife’s in marriage, the first is Obeys husband on issues not against Islam, the second is Ensures the marital privileges of the husbands; this implies as for closeness, a wife may not deny herself to her significant other. As this is one reason why Islam authorizes marriage, in light of the fact that in Islam sexual closeness is just material carefully to a couple. The third is Protects husband’s respect and property this incorporates to not get anybody in his home whom he doesn't care for. On the off chance that, she’s endowed with any assets, she should release her obligation shrewdly and frugally. The fourth is to deal with the family unit and childhood of children’s government assistance. The husband’s jobs and obligation is to provideâ mahr (settlement), Serves as defender and the watchman of the spouse, and Treats wife with thoughtfulness and reasonableness, which intends to never toss foulness at the wife. In Christianity other than of the keeps an eye on job of accommodating the family and the women’s job says the capacity to appropriately deal with the family it says God made for a couple to partake in similar objectives however have various jobs. Together they praise each other and work together in amicability. A closeness is that Christianity and Islam accept that individuals ought to follow the Ten Commandments and the ethical lessons of the prophets. While talking about contrasts among Christian and Islam venerate, we ought to likewise take note of that Muslims are mindful to the inside parts of love as well as to the outside viewpoints too. In this Muslims share significantly more for all intents and purpose with Eastern Christianity than with Western Christianity, particularly Protestantism. Like Eastern Christians, Muslims utilize their entire body in supplication. The two gatherings, for example, make surrenders before God in their love. This exploration venture has helped/shape and fortifies my own perspectives on another confidence and my own confidence, which is Christianity, I have earned a great deal about Islam and I never realized that it could have a few similitudes to the Christian confidence. With regards to the administrators, qualities and customs of Christianity that I will give to my youngsters and ideally they can give it to all theirs the Christian confidence continuing for additional ages.

2 Body Paragraphs- Journey of the Magi

Excursion of the Magi-T. S Eliot Two body sections utilizing PEEAL, including 2/3 genuine models This sonnet, Journey of the magi by T. S Eliot investigates the possibility that an excursion can include snags and difficulties. The magi are confronted with challenges, hardships and inconveniences, for example, the threatening vibe from the characteristic world and people and lack of sleep. In the principal verse the line â€Å"The ways profound and the climate sharp† a transformed linguistic structure is utilized to put accentuation on the sufferings and troubles of the journey.Along with this line in the primary refrain a rundown of objections are composed, â€Å" Then the camel men reviling and protesting/and fleeing, and needing their alcohol and ladies,/and the night-fires going out, and the absence of their asylums, and the urban areas threatening and the towns antagonistic/and the towns messy, and charging significant expenses. :† the utilization of posting in this refrain passes on to the peruser the afflictions looked by the creatures, men and the magi. Posting makes an aggregate impact, making the effect and feel of the intricacies increment as the rundown goes on.An presumption about excursions that can be produced using this sonnet is additionally that physical excursions lead to self-awareness or adjusted points of view. The magi once they have seen the introduction of Jesus can't see anything in a similar light any longer. The line in the last refrain â€Å"I ought to be happy of another death† proposes the persona nearly anticipates his inevitable passing since he comprehends that there is eternal life. It could likewise imply that the persona longs for another reestablishment or another snapshot of new understanding. In the last verse the line â€Å"but set down/This set down.This:† is an enjambment that places accentuation on the new understanding that the magi have accomplished. It is additionally a monosyllabic line, which captures the pace of the sonnet and powers the peruser to stop and focus on the message of the persona. An incredible model demonstrating the difference in context by the magi would be toward the finish of verse 3, the word decision of â€Å"these kingdoms† and â€Å"alien† adds to the magi’s sentiments of partition from the old world request and â€Å"palaces† in refrain 1 contrasted with the selection of words in refrain 3 â€Å"places† delineates the possibility of another observation and point of view.

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Various Sclerosis (1) 33% of a million Americans experience the ill effects of MS and an incredible level of those individuals are ladies. Ladies represent 73% of MS victims. (2) MS for the most part strikes youthful grown-ups between the ages of 20 and 40 years of age. (8) There are even a few instances of MS being analyzed in youth. Various sclerosis is an infection that influences the focal sensory system, assaulting the mind and the spinal line. MS assaults myelin, the greasy material that goes about as a defensive covering to the body's nerves. (1) The irritation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can influence any piece of the sensory system and differs from individual to individual. (7) Normal nerve work diminishes with the beginning of MS since MS makes scars structure on the covering of the nerve. Various Sclerosis procures this term since it truly implies scars. (1,7) The covering of the nerve with myelin is significant so the nerve can transmit flags quickly and productively. Demylelination empowers the nerve to convey driving forces appropriately by either blocking or easing back transmission and this is the reason the different manifestations of MS happen. (1) Side effects related with Multiple sclerosis comprise in a wide range. MS could cause a deadness of the appendages, loss of vision, or even loss of motion. (2) There is no particular arrangement of side effects that a patient may encounter since MS may have influenced various pieces of the sensory system. A few patients may encounter lost parity, precarious strolling, awkwardness, obscured vision, spasticity (a spring-like protection from moving or being moved), irregular discourse, memory misfortune, barrenness, and bladder issues are to give some examples. (1) In any one patient the side effects may change with each assault. (7) The manifestations can last up to days or... ...ave MS are experiencing an illness from which there is no fix and can just have their indications lightened for some time. Prior obligatory testing ought to be at the cutting edge for the youthful grown-ups that MS targets. > WWW Sources 1)What is MS?, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 2)What is Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ILD/home/ 3)Multiple Sclerosis: Overview, http://medstat.med.utah.edu/ 4)References on Multiple Sclerosis and Marijuana , http://www.druglibrary.org/ 5)Multiple Sclerosis, Mulitiple Sclerosis Symptom, Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/www.pychealth.com 6)My Life and Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ 7)Multiple Sclerosis, http://health.yahoo.com/ 8)Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html

Marketing Mix an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Promoting Mix A Proposed Marketing Mix for Innocent Company Honest is an assembling organization that major in the creation of cooking oil items internationally in which its crucial to gracefully and offer its items to its purchasers. The companys advertise has been acknowledged to have dropped over the most recent one year, and as an organization, we have choose to attempt a dynamic procedure that is intended to characterize the genuine strategies to be used in accomplishing our objectives. Need paper test on Advertising Mix subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue This procedure is known as the advertising blend that conveys four components which incorporate; item this is the place the companys point will be to characterize the qualities of its items that will empower the merchandise to meet the purchasers needs; value this is the choice on how the organization should value its items; advancement this is a procedure through which we should make our items known to our clients and ultimately the spot component which is the system through which the products of our organization will be moved from the organization to the shoppers. For our organization to accomplish acknowledgment of the items through which our showcasing openings have opportunities to expand, at that point we ought to have the option to have our objective purchasers. This is ordinarily accomplished relying upon the accompanying elements; the buyers wants and inclinations for our items, topographical components, area, sex and furthermore age, these elements ought to be resolved before we settle on a choice on a specific market division which will later give our items a showcasing opportunity. This division should coordinate contrasts in the purchasing conduct of our clients under which we ought to likewise consider the item rivalry in the market by expressing plans on how our organization will conquer the contenders quality through which we ought to examine the quantity of contenders, their size, area and their qualities and shortcomings in the market. Under market division, we ought to have the option to state what the clients look for in our items whether it is the quality, cost or comfort, through this we will have the option to distinguish the requirements and the advantages that our clients will pick up from our items. For the companys advertising blend, we ought to view the accompanying components applied in the showcasing blend: item we ought to guarantee that before the item is advanced into the market, the attributes of the items ought to be all around characterized to address the issues of the shoppers, the bundling of the item ought to be alluring to lure the clients to purchase the item, the nature of the item ought to be great, that is it ought to be the quality that matches with the solution of the item in the market so it can keep up its customers who are not misdirected with the distortion of the characteristics with its rivals. Valuing the organization ought to settle on the accompanying estimating techniques to empower item arrive at its promoting guidelines. Premium valuing is the place the uniqueness of the organization item is characterized. This evaluating is typically high and is completely utilized where there is a significant rivalry of the item in the market. For the organization to have the option to pick up the piece of the pie, we ought to thusly apply the infiltration valuing whereby, when the organization accomplishes the piece of the pie, it builds the cost of its item. In a circumstance where the companys need to advance the item in the market, at that point we are educated to utilize the limited time strategy with respect to valuing in which a shopper is approached to purchase an item and the buy is joined by a free example of the item. For the organization to catch our buyers, we are encouraged to utilize the hostage item evaluating technique which is utilized where the item contain supplements and promptly the shopper is caught, at that point the exceptional cost will be charged by the organization. Under the mental valuing technique, the organization will have a point of needing the shopper to react to its item genuinely as opposed to judiciously. Likewise value skimming might be applied in our organization whereby the organization will charge a significant expense because of a considerable rivalry, this significant expense is regularly applied to acquire new contenders the market and afterward after they show up in the market then the value falls along these lines pulling in the customers to purchase an item accused of a low cost. The spot or the channel of circulation, this is the exercises that will be utilized by our organization to move its item from the creation to utilization. Guiltless needs to go over different channels of conveyance to empower our items arrive at the focused on advertise. This implies we ought to pick either to utilize the direct or the roundabout channels that is it might be to the shoppers straightforwardly or through wholesalers. We ought to consider the accompanying so as to settle on the sort of the dissemination channel we are to utilize; we should realize the market portion that the wholesaler knows about in which the merchant must be comfortable with our companys target markets. We ought to likewise know whether our organization approaches, methodologies and picture coordinate with that of the wholesaler, we ought to likewise mind the capability of the merchant by setting up his encounters and settling on how much preparing and bolster we should give the wholesaler. There are different kinds of channels that we can settle on which one to apply in the circulation of our items, and this include: wholesalers, these are supposed to purchase merchandise in mass from our organization and selling them in littler bundles for resale by the retailers, they can likewise give storerooms to our items, wholesalers will offer our organization a diminished physical contact cost between us the makers and our customers. The second channel that our organization may utilize is the specialists who are typically utilized in universal markets; they might be utilized to broaden the global market for our merchandise. We can likewise utilize retailers, they will have a solid individual relationship with our purchasers through whom the items will be presented to our shoppers, they will offer credits to our clients along these lines advancing and marketing our items. The other option is the utilization of the web through which the organization will have a geologically more extensive market consequently empowering our items to contact a more extensive crowd. This channel has a low costs set up because of its low obstruction in the section to the items advertise. The other component is advancement, this is the advertising correspondence that ought to be utilized by our organization to get our items in the market, pushing the shoppers to the point of buying our items, we are encouraged to utilize the accompanying techniques in advancing our items: Individual selling, this is a method of keeping up personalcustomer relations in which the sales rep will be following up for our organization, these individual ought to be prepared and ought to have the individual selling procedures, however employing them is costly we should utilize them when there is a veritable profit for speculations. Advertising this ought to be applied in applied in our organization which will prompt a continued and an arranged exertion in setting up and bringing understanding between our organization and our purchasers. Ultimately, we can utilize the presentations to make new contacts and recharging the old contacts. This will be utilized to build the attention to our items to the customers along these lines allowing our organization a chance to meet both the exchange and purchasers. Promoting may likewise be utilized in making familiarity with our items to the customers so we may pick up reactions from our objective markets, under this there many publicizing mediums including, print (papers, diaries and banners.) and electronic(television, web and radio) vehicles of correspondence which we may decide to make attention to our items to our buyers. Book index Pastry specialist, M. (2000): Marketing Management and Strategy, third edn: London. Macmillan Business Blythe, J. (2001): Essentials of Marketing, second edn: New York, Prentice Hall Brassington, F. what's more, Pettitt, S. (2000): Principles of Marketing, second Edn: New York, Prentice Hall, Harlow Gronroos, C. (19994): From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: - Towards A Paradigm Shift in Marketing: Management Decision - Vol. 32; 1994, 4-20 Hoffman, D. what's more, Novak, T. (1996): Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-intervened Environments: - Conceptual Foundations: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60(July), pp 50 - 68 Hoyer, W.D. what's more, MacInnis, D.J. (2001): Consumer Behavior, second Edn: New York, Houghton Mifflin Company Kotler, P.; Armstrong, G.; Saunders, J. what's more, Wong, V. (1999): Principles of Marketing, second Edn: New Jersey, Prentice Hall Lovelock, J. (2001): Services Marketing, People, Technology, And Strategy: New York, Prentice Hall McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: - How To Prepare Them, How To Use Them. fourth Edn: London, Butterworth Heinenamm Delegate, T. (2000): Essentials of Marketing Research: London, Financial Times-Prentice Hall

How to Choose Fun Topics to Write About For Essay

How to Choose Fun Topics to Write About For EssayWhen writing an essay, you may be tempted to start out by writing about something so boring that it has little or no entertainment value. While a topic that is very simple and boring is one thing, there are some other topics that are more interesting. What can you write about in an essay that will spark your imagination? You are not alone if you think that this is a great topic for your essay.There are some topics that are easier to write about than others. For example, a subject with a lot of emotion associated with it is going to be more fun to write about than a topic where the emotion is minimal. A topic that has a personal or deeply held belief in it is going to be a good idea, as is a topic that involves more 'interesting' history.If you have any particular area that you know a lot about, this can also make for a very interesting topic for an essay. If you know a lot about horses, you can talk about it in an essay. If you know a lot about important people who rode on horseback, you can talk about that as well. The key is to find a topic that you are passionate about.One easy way to get started is to find something that you really enjoy doing. Find something that makes you happy and that you love doing. Then you will enjoy writing about it as well. For example, if you are passionate about reading and collecting books, it is an easy topic to write about for your essay.Another idea is to spend time thinking about the fun things that you like to do. Look at your list of favorite activities, and find a way to relate it to the topic of your essay. The next time you look at your list, you will be able to reflect back on that activity and draw on it when you are writing your essay.A challenging topic is going to be an even better topic to write about. In fact, this is a topic that you should write about no matter what. This is because it is an exciting topic to write about that you would not mind sharing with other s. So, if you find yourself writing about a challenging topic, make sure that you tell someone that you wrote it about so that they can find out about it.A more interesting topic is one that has a lot of 'tricks and treats.' This means that the topic has a lot of fun things that are involved in it. As you might guess, this means that the subject has a lot of personal meaning for the writer. In fact, this may be a topic that you want to bring into your essay as well.Of course, you can also consider something that does not involve a lot of fun in your essay, but is still an interesting topic to write about. These types of essays are perfect for an essay that contains a lot of challenging material. So, if you were to choose a topic that is challenging but not very challenging, it is a topic that you might want to bring into your essay. Or, if you were to choose a topic that is neither challenging nor very challenging, this is a topic that you might want to bring into your essay.

A Babel of Tongues †The Dialectic of Communication and Solitude in Virginia Woolf - Literature Essay Samples

Virginia Woolf’s answer to Mr. Ramsay’s philosophical pursuits in To the Lighthouse is a reconciliation of both worlds – subjective perception and interpretation, and external objectivity. The first chapter of the novel is entitled â€Å"The Window,† and serves to represent the point of contact between subjective and objective states. This, Woolf believes to be our reality. External facts are arbitrary and meaningless until they are apprehended by a subjective state which gives them form; on a social level, communicating as a participant in society exposes the individual to an incoherent tumult of impressions that have to be reorganized into a coherent whole in solitude. Only then can one achieve peace. The individual is hence continually in search of an equilibrium in the dialectic of communication and solitude.Peter Walsh summarizes this concept in Mrs. Dalloway:For this is the truth about our soul†¦our self, who, fish-like inhabits deep seas and pl ies among obscurities†¦suddenly she shoots to the surface and sports on the wind-wrinkled waves; that is, has a positive need to brush, scrape, kindle herself, gossiping. However, to re-enter society as a participant entails at least a partial suspension of one’s subjectively constructed reality. Creative organisation is forfeited, and the â€Å"infinite richness† of life that Peter experienced a moment ago gives way to anxiety and a sense that events are spiraling out of one’s control. The city appears to be â€Å"floating off in a carnival,† and the febrile party of life – â€Å"the flare and the glare† – becomes lurid and chaotic. The coherent whole fragments and becomes meaningless isolated elements of reality that wash past Peter in an incomprehensible manner: â€Å"the cold stream of visual impressions failed him now as if the eye were a cup that overflowed and let the rest run down its china walls unrecorded.† The c onsequence of this is that â€Å"the brain must wake now†¦the soul must brave itself to endure.† Previously, as an invisible flà ¢neur amidst the bustling city, Peter could relax his mind to appreciate the myriad impressions of London life. To join the party would entail shedding invisibility and arresting these mental excursions in order to function socially. He takes out his pocketknife again, as he did when he first went to see Clarissa in the morning. T.E Apter suggests that the pocketknife is â€Å"a tool with which to pare down his perceptions, to preen his identity, and to defend himself against others’ views.† This is observed in Peter Walsh’s proleptic defense constructed in his thoughts against society’s voice, including Clarissa’s. He defends himself against the labels â€Å"Socialist† and â€Å"failure,† asserting that the future of civilization lies in the â€Å"hands of young men like[himself],† and diminishes Clarissa’s negative opinions of him by suggesting that she is superficial and snobbish. While Apter feels that Peter Walsh’s pocketknife is not a â€Å"worn-out masculine symbol,† Peter’s self-defensive maneuvers are undeniably offensive. Watching Peter handle his pocketknife, Clarissa imaginatively formulates his self-defense as revealed in his interior monologue – that she was â€Å"frivolous; empty minded; a mere chatterbox.† His self-defense invariably becomes an attack – interaction and communication hence turn into a battleground. Clarissa retaliates â€Å"like a Queen whose guards have fallen sleep and left her unprotected,† and â€Å"summoned to her help the things she did; the things she liked; her husband; Elizabeth; her self, in short†¦to come about her and beat off the enemy (my italics).† Her self, violated by misrepresentation, seeks to validate itself and emerges as the â€Å"indomitabl e egotism† that safeguards her vanity by overriding Peter’s claims. As a result, both Peter and Clarissa â€Å"challenge each other† as in a â€Å"battle.† Clarissa validates her identity through external indicators – â€Å"the things she did; the things she liked; her husband; Elizabeth.† This is because a pattern of symbolic interpretation preexists the objects she names. Husband, daughter and hobbies can therefore be used as symbols representing success and felicity to vindicate Clarissa’s choices in life and challenge Peter’s position. However, these external indicators often make reductive summaries of their characters that they would not accept so easily in solitude. Clarissa chooses to define herself in these terms insofar as they offer her protection against Peter’s accusations; they cannot, however, fully represent her essential being, which explains â€Å"the feeling†¦of dissatisfaction† she often experiences of â€Å"not knowing people; not being known.† On the other hand, using social language to â€Å"preen one’s identity† does scale down the task of defending oneself against the whole of society into manageable proportions. One tactic Peter employs is in reproducing the external indicators imposed upon him in a dismissive tone (hence â€Å"preening his identity†), as he does later during the party. This subverts the significance of the criticisms and places him in a more enviable light than the term â€Å"failure† would normally allow. This is done without necessitating a head-on battle against society’s rather ill-founded impositions and labels – a task which would only make him appear insecure and, indeed, even more of a â€Å"failure.† Another means of self-defense is to appeal to another set of external indicators, which Peter does in response to Clarissa’s attack. He draws upon his â€Å"praise; his car eer at Oxford; his marriage† and tackles society’s implicit criticisms with another implicit social argument, and hence simultaneously defends and misrepresents himself. When one is alone, the self is relieved of the tedious tasks of self-defense and self-validation. The individual is allowed his own subjective understanding of events passing in the world and meets no resistance in his interpretation. Peter, upon leaving Clarissa, can therefore criticize her as having â€Å"something cold,† â€Å"a sort of timidity which in middle age becomes conventionality,† without facing Clarissa’s offensive self-defense. These criticisms are individual interpretations and are expressed in terms that are more subjective and descriptive, though less peremptory (which reduces their defensive power) than the predetermined arguments implicit in reductive and generalized social indicators. While these interpretations would afford a more meaningful debate, their lack of defensive power causes them to be eschewed on social battlegrounds where the more imperious external indicators are favoured. Only in solitude is Peter able to organize a more meaningful representation of reality based on his own subjective interpretation of the events around him.Social language can be seen to impose frameworks of identity on characters, denying them the validity of their subjectively construed self-representations. It is this imposition of identity that characters in The Hours find unbearable. Cunningham describes his text as a â€Å"riff† on Mrs. Dalloway. Faithfully enough, his text is informed by the same theories of identity as a fluid concept as is seen in Woolf, where the self is constantly foiled and resurrected in an etiology concerning identity shaped by communication and solitude. Richard feels that the party could go on â€Å"with the idea of [him].† His self identity has been subsumed into facile social categorization, and he is define d as the tragic and sick artist who writes â€Å"weird book[s].† It is for this reason that he feels he â€Å"got a prize for [his] performance†¦for having AIDS and going nuts and being brave about it.† The external indicators – his sickness and his lengthy book – once again triumph over the true qualities of the self, here partially represented by the actual contents of his work, which nobody seems to understand. Laura Brown likens her anxieties about meeting her husband to the feeling one gets when â€Å"about to go onstage and perform in a play for which [one] is not appropriately dressed, and for which [one] has not adequately rehearsed.† She is acutely aware of the disparity between her self-perceived identity and the identity society has constructed for her, which she has to assume. She finds social identity – â€Å"the inchoate, tumbling thing known as herself, a mother, a driver† – superficial and meaningless, a nd liberates herself from the constraints of being a wife in a perfect home by escaping into a hotel. She experiences there â€Å"a sensation of deep and buoyant release,† which is the solace of self-reconstruction in solitude. Having â€Å"slipped out of her life† and escaped social imposition, she experiences â€Å"a sensation of unbeing,† for she has just lost social definition. Formerly, the being and the living had been the existence defined by society – the meaningless performance. The dissolution of the social â€Å"I† in solitude allows her self to emerge and conceive how â€Å"it is possible to die,† how death has a â€Å"dreadful beauty.† The â€Å"neutral zone† of the hotel room is void of socially imposed reality, and it is there, for the first time, that Laura is able to understand the appeal of death. This appeal is Laura’s subjective interpretation of the world (and of death in particular), and is an inter pretation that has thus far been suppressed by social definition. Her â€Å"patriotism† for her husband – her civic responsibility to remain by his side and uphold the social tenets of familial duties – previously made such an idea unthinkable. A more insidious aspect of social interaction and communication is highlighted in Mrs. Dalloway and is represented by the two â€Å"Goddesses† of â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion.† These are essentially abstractions of social establishments that enforce definitions regarding moral, political, emotional, or aesthetic realities, and which are given a satirical mythological status. They â€Å"smite out of [the] way roughly the dissentient, or dissatisfied† and â€Å"bestow†¦blessing on those who†¦catch submissively from [their] eyes the light of their own,† asserting their blinkered positions to be the only truths. Hugh Whitbread, who kissed Sally Seton to â€Å"punish her for saying that women should have votes,† could be said to be an agent of â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion.† He masquerades under the â€Å"venerable name† of â€Å"kindness† and does more harm than â€Å"the rascals who get hanged for battering the brains of a girl out in a train.† Having been converted, he becomes a proponent of the â€Å"Goddesses†: by embodying outward social perfection without real depth of character, he is empowered, under the aegis of society, to stifle imagination, creativity and understanding, and repudiates Sally’s self-conceived reality, which made only the very modest claim that equal voting opportunities are appropriate in a civic moral society.Michael Cunningham, in The Hours, examines Woolf’s â€Å"Proportion† and â€Å"Conversion† in the context of the homosexual identity. By transposing Woolf’s diegesis of anomie onto the postmodern constructionistic concepts of identity, Cunningham is able to intensify the paradoxical tensions concerning the need for validation of one’s subjective experiences and the longing for social acceptance and integration. Walter Hardy, desiring acceptance, succumbs to â€Å"Conversion.† He possesses physical health, wealth and happiness – the touchstones of social success – leaving not a trace of the â€Å"overweight, desperately friendly† child â€Å"able to calibrate the social standing of other ten-year-olds to the millimeter.† But by accepting society’s criteria for judging success, he affirms its truth. Richard is hence justified in saying that â€Å"eternally youthful gay men do more harm to the cause than do men who seduce little boys.† At least in seducing little boys, these men are affirming their subjective life experiences (which are their homosexual attractions and emotions), whereas men like Hardy, by their outward subscription to the social norm and passive assimilation of society’s ideological truths, allow the cycle of self-invalidation to continue into the next generation, and end up as simulacra of the â€Å"boys who tortured them in high school,† becoming the very forces that convert other individuals into the â€Å"Proportions† of masculinity and success. Oliver St. Ives is another character that embodies â€Å"Proportion.† Sally remarks â€Å"how much Oliver resembles himself.† The Oliver as movie star is almost identical to the Oliver of real life. As a movie star his image on television is defined through popular appeal, through society’s ideals. That his private image should correspond so well with society’s golden standard reveals Oliver’s lack of true self-identity – â€Å"as if all other brawny, exuberant, unflinching American men were somehow copies of him.† He is the face of the American male. Characteristically, his movie panders to society’s â€Å"Proportion†: an action thriller with a guy â€Å"who saves the world, one way or another.† An additional caveat attached reveals that â€Å"this one would have a gay man for a hero.† Unfortunately, saying that â€Å"it’s not a big deal. He wouldn’t be tortured about his sexuality. He wouldn’t have HIV† is once again to deny the homosexual experience, to insist homosexuals had â€Å"never been strange children, never taunted or despised,† and to reinforce the experiences of society’s heterosexual norm. As David Bergman points out in â€Å"Gaiety Transfigured: Gay Self-Representation in American Literature,† â€Å"the child who will become gay conceives his sexual self in isolation. I cannot think of another minority that is without cultural support in childhood.† This precarious identity developed in solitude is allowed to be stampeded by the need for social confirmation, and Oliver becomes the very force of â€Å"Conversion.† Sally’s anger with â€Å"every optimistic, dishonest being† who denies their subjectively construed identity in favour of society’s brutal misrepresentation is hence vindicated. Such are the perils immanent in social participation that make a retreat into solitude so appealing. â€Å"Our apparitions, the things you know us by, are simply childish† – here, Mrs. Ramsay recognizes that the self is inevitably distorted by and heavily concealed from society. Human relations are â€Å"flawed,† â€Å"despicable† and â€Å"self-serving at their best,† because people inevitably choose to understand the world in a manner most gratifying to one’s vanity. She relishes the solitude wherein â€Å"she needs[s] not think about anybody,† and needs not continually fight for self-validation. â€Å"Having shed its attachments,† her self is free to wander uninhibited, and â₠¬Å"the range of experience seem limitless.† These â€Å"strangest adventures† are not merely Mrs. Ramsay’s escapist fantasies of traveling to Rome and India; they are life experiences that are reorganized and refashioned by the â€Å"unlimited resources† within one, and which form a subjectively conceived coherence – â€Å"a summoning together, a resting on a platform of stability.† Society foists itself on the individual, and it is only through â€Å"losing personality† and escaping social participation – whether as mother, wife or host – that the external world is held back, enabling one to lose â€Å"the fret, the hurry, the stir† and create â€Å"this peace, this rest, this eternity† by and for oneself. In retreating into the â€Å"wedged-shape core of darkness† of her self, subjective experience seemingly overwhelms the external objective world and turns it into a self-referential mirror  œ â€Å"She (Mrs. Ramsay) became the thing she looked at.† This mirror affords â€Å"peace† because it is the expression of the â€Å"core of darkness,† the moi splanchnique. Seeing the self reflected on the face of the world lets it conceive of a harmonious unity, as if the essential truths of reality are indeed within oneself. Woolf, however, as a lover of parties, maintained that communication with the external world is not only desirable, but also necessary. Septimus’ decline into solipsistic insanity corroborates the idea that â€Å"communication is health; communication is happiness.† Septimus may also be seen as Clarissa’s doppelgà ¤nger. The tragic force gathers him, the alienated individual, in its nihilist folds and leads him to a premature death just as the comic force in Clarissa repeatedly pulls her back into society’s embrace in an affirmation of the positive and the social order. Shell-shocked after the war, Septimu s appears to repudiate the impositions of the objective world – the social and the external – and constructs a reality based almost exclusively on his thoughts and emotions. His preoccupation with Evans conjures up images of him with hardly any objective stimulus – he hears him sing and speak where there could only possibly be birds singing or people talking. The objective world is lost to him, and he reveals: â€Å"I went under the sea†¦ but let me rest still.† He has collapsed into himself; his reality implodes. â€Å"Under the sea† he stays immersed in his own self and society’s call for him to emerge is feverish, lurid and cacophonic:But let me rest still; he begged†¦and as, before waking, the voices of birds and the sound of wheels chime and chatter in a queer harmony, grow louder and louder and the sleeper feels himself drawing to the shores of life, so he felt himself drawing towards life, the sun growing hotter, cries sound ing louder His â€Å"doom† was hence â€Å"to be alone forever.† By the end of the novel he turns away from life and his doctors who are â€Å"forcing (his) soul,† committing suicide to preserve â€Å"the thing†¦that mattered.† This is the self which is â€Å"wreathed about with chatter, defaced, obscured†¦let drop every day in corruption, lies, chatter.† â€Å"Closeness draws apart† because social language is inadequate. He cannot survive in this solitude and appealed to death for â€Å"death was an attempt to communicate.† Clarissa does come to intuit his self-identity in the solitude of her â€Å"little room† by imaginative recreation of his death, drawing material from her own experiences and emotions. She feels his â€Å"terror; the overwhelming incapacity,† the â€Å"indescribable outrage† of a â€Å"soul† being â€Å"forc[ed]† and experiences his death vicariously – â€Å"he r dress flamed, her body burnt.† She appeals to her own understanding of the world, remembering how she once felt â€Å"if it were now to die, ’twere now to be most happy.† She seeps into Septimus’ consciousness thus by an empathetic subjective understanding. If Septimus’ death is a triumph against Time’s transience and an offering to the epiphanic moments of life, then Clarissa’s quote from â€Å"Othello† would be representative. In solitude, through these references to her subjective world she achieves communication with Septimus. Woolf thus presents a paradox of opposites which is developed further in To the Lighthouse. Lily Briscoe, the artist, finds that â€Å"distance had an extraordinary power.† Distance enables withdrawal from social participation. As she paints, Lily retreats into solitude, going â€Å"out and out†¦further and further, until one [she] seemed to be on a narrow plank, perfectly alone, over t he sea,† in order to peer into â€Å"the chambers of the mind and heart† of Mrs. Ramsay. To understand the â€Å"sacred inscriptions† of Mrs. Ramsay’s soul, Lily has to rely on her subjective understanding of the people and places which completed her. As Clarissa Dalloway suggests, â€Å"to know†¦anyone, one must seek out the people who completed them; even the places.† It would hardly be conceivable to accomplish this mammoth task physically. Lily, however, is able to â€Å"make up scenes,† of which â€Å"not a word†¦was true.† While objectively speaking these events had never occurred they are nonetheless completely plausible, extrapolated hypothetically based on one’s understanding of other people. Fiction, formed by the creative self, is hence a useful tool for exploring human responses to various situations and elucidating their characters. Lily realizes that â€Å"it was what she knew them by all the same,† and views and reviews Mrs. Ramsay from the subjective viewpoints of the Rayleys, of Mr. Carmichael, Mr. Bankes and the other Ramsays. She felt she needed â€Å"fifty pairs of eyes to see with† in order achieve reconciliation amongst the kaleidoscopic representations of Mrs. Ramsay, so that her portrait is not saturated with her limited perspective. Eventually, like Clarissa, she has to experience Mrs. Ramsay’s emotional and intellectual experiences vicariously to achieve understanding. â€Å"What did the hedge mean to her, what did the garden mean to her, what did it mean to her when a wave broke?† – all these questions Lily strives to answer through imaginative enactment of events. She eventually manages to apprehend the world through Mrs. Ramsay’s consciousness and her fear for Mr. Ramsay segues into love and need – â€Å"she wanted him.† This is probably one aspect of Mrs. Ramsay’s emotional response to her husband which Lily has never shared. In this rare instance of human communication, Lily achieves the same unity and peace that Mrs. Ramsay experienced with the lighthouse beam earlier on, for she had become, â€Å"like waters poured into one jar, inextricably the same, one with the object [Mrs. Ramsay] one [she] adored.† The mirror returns, and she solves Mr. Ramsay’s philosophical conundrum – the relationship between subjective and objective worlds – by creating a work of art that affirms the expression of the subjective self using material from the objective world. Her portrait is accurate for the â€Å"odd-shaped triangular shadow† corresponds with the â€Å"wedge-shaped core of darkness† so essential to Mrs. Ramsay’s identity; the finishing stroke scored through the middle of the canvass is also reflective of the severance in human relationships that Mrs. Ramsay has always fought against.Lily, like Woolf herself, rejects the notion of art as mimesis. â€Å"To be on level with ordinary experience† is to experience the phantasmagoric flux of fact and dream, to interweave between objective reality and subjective organization of that reality. Her painting is hence a â€Å"razor edge balance between two opposite forces; Mr. Ramsay and the picture† – the uncompromising facts of objective reality embodied in Mr. Ramsay and Lily’s own subjective understanding of them come together, equipoised, â€Å"clamped together with bolts of iron. Objectivity in society and subjective latitude in solitude soldered together – this is Woolf’s answer to the dialectic of the comforts of solitude and the asperity of communication in external society.

Military Spending, A Necessary Expense. In 2014 The United

Military spending, a necessary expense In 2014 the United States government approved a spending budget for fiscal year 2015. The proposed amount was $1.11 Trillion dollars or $1,110,000,000,000.00; this was the highest budget proposal in United States history. Out of the proposed budget $598.5 billion dollars were allocated to military spending. This consisted of over fifty-four percent of the total budget. To get an idea of just how much this is, the second highest allocation of funds was the cost to run the government. The total allocated to this task is $72.9 billion dollars or just six percent of the total budget. In a time where the National Debt is topping just over $18 trillion dollars as of September 2015, this is an astronomical†¦show more content†¦First, The National defense budget. During the start of the American revolutionary war in 1775, most of the budget for defense was procured from the French government in the form of loans. The total cost of the war left us over $2 million dollars in debt to F rance. This seems like a relatively low cost compared to the value of the dollar today, but accounting for inflation from 1775 to present, $2 million dollars is roughly $62.5 million dollars today. The highest military budget during World War I was $546 million in 1917, which would be just over $10.3 billion dollars today. And again during World War II the budget reached its height in 1944, totaling $74.67 billion or $1.02 trillion dollars today. The war on terror, 2001 to 2015 has run up a total of 1.7 trillion dollars according to an article written by Forbes magazine dated February 3rd 2015. Historically our military budget has far exceeded the rest of the world. Very few countries have even come close to spending 1/3 of our annual budget. There have been vast technological advancements made by the United States due to research and development that is funded by our Defense budget. 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